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Nervous System
Nervous System Vocab Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aphasia | Inability to speak |
| Ataxia | Without muscular coordination |
| Aura | sensation experienced before seizure |
| Bradykinesia | abnormally slow movement |
| Contracture | permanent shortening of a muscle; physical deformity |
| Diplopia | Double vision; also called ambiopia |
| Dyslexia | reading impairment; letters and words are reversed |
| Hemiparesis | slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body |
| Hyperkinesis | excessive muscular movement and physical activity; hyperactivity |
| Lethargy | state of being sluggish |
| nuchal rigidity | neck is resistant to flexion |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk |
| Paresthesia | sensation of numbness or tingling |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all 4 extremities and trunk |
| Sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve |
| Stupor | state of lethargy |
| Alzheimer's Disease | deterioration of a person's intellectual functioning; 3 stages, aggressive, most common form of dementia |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | Lou Gehrig's Disease; motor neuron disease in which nerve cells gradually break down and die; muscle twitching and weakness in limb, or slurred speech; no cure and fatal |
| Anencephaly | an absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth; a congenital disorder |
| Bells' Palsy | temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face |
| Brain Abscess | localized accumulation of pus located anywhere in the brain tissue due to an infectious process |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | is a pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to inflammation and swelling of the tendons |
| Cerebral Concussion | mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI); brief interruption of brain function; usually loss of consciousness lasting a few seconds |
| Cerebral Contusion | a bruise of the brain tissue; occurs in 20-30% of severe head injuries, frequently associated with cerebral edema |
| Cerebral Palsy | caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance and posture; occurs in about 2.1 per 1,000 births, abnormal muscle tone, reflexes or motor development and coordination |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | involves death of specific portion of brain tissue due to lack o f oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery; stroke |
| Degenerative Disk | deterioration of the intervertebral disk, usually due to constant motion and wear on the disk |
| Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain; viral infections are the most common cause; no symptoms or mild flu-like symptoms |
| Epilepsy | syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain; seizures |
| Grand Mal Seizure | epileptic seizure; sudden loss of consciousness; involuntary muscular contraction; rigid body extension; alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles |
| Petit Mal Seizure | small seizure; temporary loss of consciousness lasting a few seconds; also known as absence seizure |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | acute polyneurtitis of the PNS in which the myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed |
| Headache (Cephalagia) | involves pain anywhere within the cranial cavity |
| Migraine Headache | is a recurring, pulsating vascular headache; usually develops on one side of the head |
| Cluster Headache | occurs typically 2 or 3 hours after falling asleep; extreme pain around one eye that awakens a person; most painful type |
| Tension Headache | generally diffuse, mild to moderate head pain described as feeling like a tight band around head; most common headache |
| Hematoma, Epidural | collection of blood located above the dura mater and just below the skull |
| Hematoma, Subural | collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the meninges |
| Herniated Disk | rupture or herniation of the disk center through the disk wall and into the spinal canal |
| Huntington's Chorea | inherited neurological disease; rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia |
| Hydrocephalus | an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, resulting in increased head size with open fontanel; congenital disorder |
| Meningitis (Acute Bacterial) | inflammation of the meninges; caused by infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord; typical symptom is nuchal rigidity |
| Multiple Sclerosis | disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord; |
| Narcolepsy | rare syndrome of uncontrolled sudden attacks of sleep |
| Parkinson's Disease | degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem's motor system; tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability |
| Shingles (Herpes Zoster) | acute viral infection seen mainly adults who have had chicken pox; painful |
| Neurolgia | special type of connective tissue for the NS, support for neurons, do not conduct impulses, protect neuron through phagocytosis |
| Neuron | actual nerve cell |
| Spastic Cerebral Palsy | most common type of CP; damage to the cortex of the brain; causing tense muscles and irritable muscle tone |
| Status Epilepsy | a dangerous condition in which epileptic seizures follow one another without recovery of consciousness between them |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain (from an aneurysm or head injury) |
| The space between the dura mater and the arachnoid that contains lubricating fluid... | Subdural |
| This area lies between the lungs on the midsagittal plane and contains several organs and structures..... | Mediastinum |
Created by:
wallace263
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