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BIO104 Chap11- Blood
| Definition | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heart, blood vessels, and blood | Cardiovascular system includes: |
| 1) Substances we need from external environment 2) Substances we need to eliminate through wastes 3) Substances we synthesize that are delivered to other organs | Cardiovascular system transports: (3) |
| 1) TRANSPORT (gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes) 2)REGULATES pH and ion makeup 3)RESTRICTS fluid loss at injury sites 4) DEFENDS against toxins and pathogens 5) STABILIZES body temperature | Functions of blood: (5) |
| Plasma and formed elements | Liquid Connective Tissue is made up of: |
| Thickness or Stickiness | Viscosity of Blood |
| Slightly alkaline around 7.4 | Blood pH |
| Venipuncture | Whole blood collected from veins |
| Arterial Puncture | To evaluate gas exchange efficiency |
| Plasma Proteins, Hormones, Nutrients, Gases, and Water | Plasma contains: |
| 1) Albumins 2) Globulins 3) Fibrinogen | 3 Plasma Proteins |
| Serum | Plasma - Clotting Proteins = |
| Albumins | Plasma protein that maintains osmotic pressure of plasma |
| Globulins | Plasma protein that transports proteins and antibodies |
| Fibrinogen | Plasma protein that functions in blood clotting. Converts to FIBRIN |
| Hemoglobin | Pigment molecule for blood that transports oxygen |
| 1) Increased surface area increases rate of diffusion 2) Increased flexibility to squeeze through narrow capillaries | Advantages of red blood cell shape (2) |
| Hemoglobin | Hb |
| Anemia | Reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity caused by low hematocrit or low hemoglobin |
| RBC | Blood cell with no organelles |
| 120 days | Average life span of RBC |
| The liver, spleen, and bone marrow | RBCs are phagocytized in: |
| Hemocytoblasts | Produces myeloid stem cells |
| Hypoxia | Low tissue oxygen |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | Hypoxia triggers the release of what hormone? |
| Myeloid stem cell tissue in bone marrow | Target tissue of erythropoietin (EPO) |
| Blood type | Presence or absence of antigens on RBC determines: |
| A, B, and Rh | Three Major Antigens |
| Antigens | Markers on the RBC that trigger an attack on foreign cells |
| Antibody | Responds to the trigger and DOES the attacking |
| Agglutinins or Immunoglobulins | Other names for antibodies |
| Agglutination | Clumping of red blood cells caused by antibodies |
| White Blood Cells (WBC) | Larger than RBCs, involved in immune response and lack hemoglobin |
| Granulocytes and Agranulocytes | Two Categories of WBCS |
| Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils | Granulocytes consist of: |
| Lymphocytes and monocytes | Agranulocytes consist of: |
| Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes | Responds to any threat |
| Lymphocytes | Responds to a specific, individudal threat |
| Neutrophils | First WBC to arrive at injury. Has multitubular nucleus. Numbers increase during acute bacterial infections. |
| Eosinophils | WBC with deep red granules. Numbers increase during parasitic infection or allergic reactions. |
| Basophils | WBC with deep red granules and a two lobed nucleus. Numbers increase during parasitic infection or allergic reactions |
| Monocytes | WBC with a large kidney shaped nucleus. Migrate into tissues and become macrophages. |
| Lymphocytes | WBC with nucleus taking up most of cell. Some attack foreign cells, others secrete antibodies into circulation. |
| Leukopenia | Reduction in total WBCs is called |
| Leuokocytosis | Excessive numbers of WBCs is called |
| Leukemia | Extremely high WBC count and is a cancer of blood forming tissues |
| Thrombocytopenia | Low count of platelets is called |
| 1) Vascular phase 2) Platelet Phase 3) Coagulation phase | Three phases of Hemostasis: |
| Vascular Phase | Phase of hemostasis where endothelial cells become stick and a vascular spam of smooth muscle occurs. |
| Platelet Phase | Phase of hemostasis where platelets attach to sticky endothelium, and more platelets arrive and form a plug. |
| Coagulation Phase | Phase of hemostasis where fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, and fibrin mesh grows. Also called "blood clotting" |
| Clotting factors | Calcuim ions, vitamin K, and plasma proteins are all: |
| EXtrinsic Pathway | Damaged tissue releases tissue factor, combines with calcium and clotting proteins and leads to forming an enzyme that activates factor X |
| INtrinsic Pathway | Activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen fivers, platelt factor released from platelets, and forms and enzyme that activates factor X |
| Clot retraction | Platelets retract and pull tissue close together in: |
| Fibrinolysis | During repair of tissue, the clot dissolves through: |
| Plasminogen | Activated by thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) |
| Dissolved proteins | Plasma which is a fluid connective tissue, contains: |
| Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide | Hemoglobin's molecular properties are to: |
| In plasma | Where are agglutinins located? |
| RBC membrane | Where are agglutinogens located? |
| Basophil | Which leuokcyte is responsible for releasing histamine at the site of an injury? |
| Monocyte | Which leukocyte is an aggressive phagocyte? |
| Lymphocytes | WBC that is important in producing antibodies |
| Common Pathway | Prothrombin -> Thrombin and Fibrinogen -> Fibrin is known as what? |
| Thrombus | Blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall |
| Embolus | Drifting blood clot |
| Dissolves clots | What does the process of fibrinolysis do? |
| Fibrinogen | Clotting protein found in the bloodstream that is made by the liver |
Created by:
ambper7277
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