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Ch. 3 Quiz
Federalism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| system of gov't. where the local /regional gov'ts. derive all authority from a strong national gov't. | unitary system |
| system of gov't. where the national gov't. and state gov'ts. derive all authority from the people | federal system |
| powers expressed explicitly in the Constitution | enumerated powers |
| example of enumerated power | Powers of Congress (i.e. declare war) |
| gives Congress the authority to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution | necessary and proper clause (I:8:18) |
| What is the limit to the necessary and proper clause? | It must tie somehow to an enumerated power |
| national law is supersedes all other laws passed by any other subdivision of gov't. | supremacy clause (Article VI) |
| powers not delegated to the federal gov't are reserved to the states | 10th Amendment |
| What did the 10th Amendment give to the states? | Reserved Powers |
| example of reserved powers | education, custody laws |
| powers shared by the national & state gov'ts. | concurrent powers |
| example of concurrent powers | power to tax, court & criminal justice systems |
| powers prohibited to the state gov't., federal gov't., or both | denied powers |
| example of denied powers to states | cannot coin money or declare war |
| example of denied powers to federal gov't. | no export tax, cannot violate Bill of Rights |
| example of denied powers to both state and federal gov't. | grant title of nobility |
| ensures judicial decrees & contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state | Full Faith & Credit Clause (Article IV) |
| former Chief Justice who greatly enforced his Federalist views | John Marshall |
| He presided over Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch vs. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden | John Marshall |
| 1st major Supreme Court decision under Marshall to define the relationship b/w national and state gov'ts. | McCulloch v. Maryland |
| Supreme Court case that denied states the right to tax the bank | McCulloch v. Maryland |
| Supreme Court case whose ruling stated that Congress is in charge of interstate commerce | Gibbons v. Ogden |
| the belief that having separate & equally powerful levels of gov't. is the best arrangement | dual federalism |
| amendment that freed slaves | 13th Amendment |
| amendment that gives all US citizens equal protection under law | 14th Amendment |
| amendment that gives equal right to vote | 15th Amendment |
| income tax amendment | 16th Amendment |
| direct election of senators; state legislatures no longer chose | 17th Amendment |
| Supreme Court case that ruled that Congress lacked the authority to ban slavery in new territories. | Dred Scott v. Sandford |
| What caused Dred Scott v. Sandford? | Dred Scott sued for his freedom after his owner took him to a free state |
| Supreme Court decision that decided "separate but equal" was constitutional | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
| the relationship b/w the national & state gov'ts. that began w/ the New Deal | cooperative federalism |
| grant for which Congress appropriates funds for a specific purpose | categorical grant |
| grant given from federal gov't. to state/local gov't. for some sort of public project like highways | grants-in-aid |
| federal/state relationship proposed by Reagan during '80s | New Federalism |
| Significance of New Federalism | return of power to the states |
| broad grant from fed. gov't to state gov't. for education or health services; few strings attached | block grant |
| efforts made w/ Contract with America to scale back federal gov't. in regard to the states | devolution |
| campaign document proposed by Newt Gingrich signed by Rep. candidates in House of Reps.; allowed them to win back House. | Contract with America |
| nat'l. laws that direct state/local gov'ts. to comply w/ federal rules & regulations but contain no federal funding to pay the cost of meeting these requirements | unfunded mandates |
| What's special about unfunded mandates? | They contain contain no federal funding to pay the cost of meeting these requirements. |
| concept that allows nat'l. gov't . to override state/local actions in certain areas | preemption |
| Where is the concept of preemption derived from? | from the Supremacy Clause |
| Supreme Court case that decided only states have the authority to regulate guns w/in 1000 ft of a public school | U.S. v. Lopez |
| Supreme Court case that ruled several state abortion restrictions contitutional | Webster v. Reproductive Health Services |
| Supreme Court case that w/ Webster ruled state abortion restrictions constitutional | Planned Parenthood v. Casey |
| Supreme Court case that halted Florida's vote recount due to it being unlawful | Bush v. Gore (2000) |
| Supreme Court Justice who presided over Dred Scott decision | Taney |
| creates nationwide educational priorities but requires states to pay $ for standardized testing; shows interrelated relationship | No Child Left Behind Act |
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