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respiration
A&P - Chapter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nose | external portion composed of cartilage and bone (nostrils = nares) |
| paranasal sinuses | cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity |
| pharynx | throat - connects mouth and nose to larynx |
| nasopharynx | part of pharynx - behind the nose - contains adenoids |
| oropharynx | part of pharynx - behind the mouth - contains palatine tonsils |
| laryngopharynx | part of pharynx - behind the larynx |
| larynx | voice box - connects pharynx with trachea |
| trachea | windpipe - extends into the chest - passageway for air to bronchi contains cartilage |
| bronchi | tubes that branch of from trachea to lungs |
| bronchioles | smallest branches of bronchi |
| alveoli | air sacs at the end of bronchioles - allow for exchange of gases between lungs and blood via capillaries |
| lungs | two cone-shaped spongy organs - left has two lobes, right has three lobes (apex=top, base=bottom, hilum=midline) |
| pleura | double folded membrane that surrounds the lungs |
| parietal pleura | outer layer - lines thoracic cavity |
| visceral pleura | inner layer - covers the lungs |
| pleural space | small space between pleural membranes |
| epiglotis | small flap that covers larynx so food cannot pass into airway when swallowing |
| inhalation | inspiration - diaphragm contracts and flattens |
| exhalation | expiration - diaphragm relaxes and rises |
| eupena | good breathing |
| inspection | observation - visual examination |
| palaption | touch - examination by application of hands of fingers |
| auscultation | listening with a stethoscope |
| percussion | tapping with fingertips |
| apena | without breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing - slower than 12 rpm |
| cough | forceful expiratory effort due to irritation of airways nonproductive - dry cough, productive - wet cough |
| cyanosis | blue discoloration |
| dysphonia | difficulty speaking - hoarseness |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| epistaxis | nosebleed - aka rhinorrhagia |
| expectoration | act of spitting out saliva or coughing to clear out passageway to lungs |
| hemoptysis | expectoration of blood - coughing up blood |
| hypoxemia | insufficient O2 in the blood leads to hypoxia = deficiency of oxygen |
| hypercapnia | increased amount of CO2 in blood |
| Kussmaul respirations | deep, gasping respiration associated with diabetic acidosis |
| orthopnea | patient needs to be in standing or sitting position to avoid dyspnea |
| pleural rub | friction rub caused by inflammation of pleural space - auscultation = rubbing |
| rales | produced by passage of air through bronchi heard on inhalation - auscultation = crackling |
| rhinorrhea | runny nose |
| rhonchi | produced by passage of air through obstructed airways - auscultation = rattling (resembles snoring) |
| sneeze | expelling air forcibly through the nose |
| stridor | high-pitched, harsh sound during inhalation due to obstruction of air passages - heard w/out stethoscope |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| wheeze | whistling sound resulting from narrowing of lumen - heard during exhalation w/out stethoscope |
| coryza | common cold - upper respiratory tract infection |
| croup | barking cough in children due to obstruction of larynx |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx resulting in hoarseness |
| pertussis | whooping cough |
| pharyngitis | sore throat |
| asthma | paroxysmal (happens intermittently) dyspnea accompanied by wheezing - caused by spasm of bronchial tubes |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | lung cancer |
| emphysema | chronic pulmonary disease - exhalation is difficult (caused by smoking) |
| empyema | pus in pleural cavity |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome aka hyaline membrane disease |
| pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses and chemical irritants |
| pneumothorax | air or gas in plueral cavity - causes collapsed lung |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture to collect pleural fluid |
| PPD | purified protein derivative aka tuberculin skin test (TST) |
| hyperventilation | rapid (tachypnea) deep breathing - creates low levels of CO2 in blood |
| bronchoscopy | instrument to view interior of bronchi |
| asymptomatic | without symptoms |
| sputum | mucous coughed up from lungs, bronchi, trachea through mouth |
| PFTs | pulmonary function tests |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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