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Endocrine System
The Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pituitary Gland | referred to as the "master gland" and connected to the hypothalamus of the brain |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland | develops from an upward projection of the pharynx in the embryo and composed of regular endocrine tissue |
| Posterior Pituitary Gland | develops from a downward projection of the base of the brain |
| Pineal Gland | small cone- shaped structure, body's "biological clock" and produces melatonin |
| Thyroid Gland | located in the front of the neck just below the larynx, on either side of the trachea, secretes hormones T3, T4 and Calcitonin |
| Parathyroid Glands | consist of 4 tiny rounded bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid, secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Thymus | a single gland located in the mediastinum near the middle of the chest, just beneath the sternum, has a role in development of the immune system |
| Adrenal Glands | consist of 2 small glands, with one being positioned atop each kidney, also known as suprarenal glands |
| Pancreas | an elongated gland located in the ULQ of the abdomen, behind the stomach, contains specialized groups of cells (known as islets of Langerhans) |
| Ovaries | female sex glands, responsible for ovulation |
| Testes | male sex glands, produce testosterone |
| Acromegaly | a chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw and extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland |
| Adenohypophysis | The anterior pituitary gland |
| Adenoma | A glandular tumor |
| Adenopathy | Any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement |
| Adrenalectomy | Surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands |
| Adrenalitis | Inflammation of the adrenal glands |
| Adrenocortical | Pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland(s) |
| Aldosterone | A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood |
| Androgen | Any steroid hormone (e.g., testosterone) that increases male characteristics |
| Antidiuretic | Pertaining to the suppression of urine production; an agent given to suppress the production of urine |
| Cortex | Pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure |
| Cortisol | A steroid hormone occurring naturally in the body; also called hydrocortisone |
| Cretinism | A congenital condition caused by a lack of thyroid secretion. Dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin and large tongue |
| Diabetes (Gestational) | A condition occurring in pregnancy characterized by the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus and symptoms normally disappear after birth of baby |
| Diabetes (Insipidus) | A metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (excessive urination) |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | A dangerous condition that occurs as a result of severe lack of insulin, causing the body to break down body fats instead of glucose for energy |
| Dwarfism | A condition in which there is an abnormal underdevelopment of the body, extremely short height |
| Endocrine Gland | A ductless gland that produces hormones directly into the bloodstream instead of exiting the body through ducts |
| Endocrinologist | A physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system |
| Endocrinology | The field of medicine that studies the endocrine system |
| Epinephrine | A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, plays an important role in the body's response to stress |
| Estrogen | Female hormone that promotes development of female secondary sex characteristics |
| Euthyroid | Pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland |
| Exocrine Gland | A gland that opens onto the surface of the skin through ducts in the epithelium, such as an oil gland or a sweat gland |
| Exophthalmia | An abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs |
| Gigantism | An abnormal condition characterized by excessive size and height |
| Glucagon | A hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose |
| Glucogenesis | The formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of from carbohydrates |
| Glucose | The simplest form of sugar in the body |
| Glycogenesis | The conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed |
| Glycosuria | The presence of sugar in the urine |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to excessive growth (hyperplasia) |
| Gonads | A term used to refer to the female and male sex glands |
| Grave's Disease | Hyperthyroidism |
| Gynecomastia | An abnormal enlargement of the breast in men; may involve one or both |
| Hirsutism | A condition in which there is excessive body hair in a male distribution pattern |
| Hypercalcemia | Elevated blood calcium level |
| Hyperglycemia | Elevated blood sugar level |
| Hypergonadism | Excessive activity of the ovaries or testes |
| Hyperinsulinism | An excessive amount of insulin in the body |
| Hyperkalemia | An elevated blood potassium level |
| Hypernatremia | An elevated blood sodium level |
| Hyperparathyroidism | Hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an oversecretion of parathyroid hormone |
| Hyperpituitarism | Overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| Hyperthyroidism | Overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Grave's Disease |
| Hypocalcemia | Less than normal blood calcium level |
| Hypoglycemia | Less than normal blood sugar level |
| Hypokalemia | Less than normal blood potassium level |
| Hyponatremia | Less than normal blood sodium level |
| Hypophysectomy | Surgical removal of the pituitary gland |
| Hypothyroidism | Less than normal activity of the thyroid gland |
| Insulin Shock | A state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level |
| Medulla | The internal part of a structure or organ |
| Metabolism | The sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body |
| Myxedema | The most severe form of hypothyroidism in the adult |
| Norepinephrine | A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, plays a role in the body's response to stress by raising blood pressure |
| Oxytocin | A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, stimulates contractions of the uterus and release of milk from breasts |
| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst |
| Polyphagia | Excessive eating |
| Polyuria | The excretion of excessively large amounts of urine |
| Progesterone | A female hormone secreted by the ovaries |
| Somatotropic Hormone | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth; also known as growth hormone |
| Syndrome | A group of symptoms occurring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality |
| T-Cells | Specialized lymphocytes that are involved in the immune response |
| Tetany | A condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints |
| Thymopoietin | A hormone secreted by the thymus, thought to stimulate the production of T-cells |
| Thymosin | A hormone secreted by the thymus, thought to stimulate the production of specialized lymphocytes, called T-cells |
| Thyroiditis | Inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| Thyroxine | A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, helps maintain normal body metabolism (abbreviated as T4) |
| Triiodothyronine | A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, helps regulate growth and development of the body and control metabolism and body temperature (abbreviated T3) |
| Virilism | The development of the masculine physical traits in the female, also called masculinization |
| acr/o | EXTREMITIES |
| aden/o | GLAND |
| adren/o | ADRENAL GLANDS |
| adrenal/o | ADRENAL GLANDS |
| andr/o | MAN, MALE |
| calc/o | CALCIUM |
| cortic/o | CORTEX |
| crin/o | SECRETE |
| -crine | SECRETE |
| dips/o | THIRST |
| -dipsia | THIRST |
| gonad/o | SEX GLANDS |
| glu/o | SUGAR, SWEET |
| glyc/o | SUGAR, SWEET |
| gynec/o | WOMAN |
| -itis | INFLAMMATION |
| kal/i | POTASSIUM |
| lact/o | MILK |
| mastitis | BREAST |
| myx/o | RELATING TO MUCUS |
| natr/i | SODIUM |
| oxy- | SHARP, QUICK |
| pancreat/o | PANCREAS |
| parathyroid/o | PARATHYROID GLANDS |
| somat/o | BODY |
| thym/o | THYMUS GLAND |
| thyr/o | THYROID GLAND |
| thyroid/o | THYROID GLAND |
| toxic/o | POISONS |
| -tropin | STIMULATING EFFECT OF A HORMONE |
| -uria | URINE CONDITION |
| ACTH stands for | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| ADH stands for | Antidiuretic Hormone |
| BMR stands for | Basal Metabolic Rate |
| Ca stands for | Calcium |
| DI stands for | Diabetes Insipidus |
| DKA stands for | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| DM stands for | Diabetes Mellitus |
| FBS stands for | Fasting Blood Sugar |
| FSH stands for | Follicle-Stimulating Hormone |
| GH stands for | Growth Hormone |
| GTT stands for | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| HDL stands for | High-Density Lipoprotein |
| HbA1c stands for | Hemoglobin A1c |
| IDDM stands for | Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; also known as Type 1 Diabetes |
| K stands for | Potassium |
| LH stands for | Luteinizing Hormone |
| LTH stands for | Lactogenic Hormone |
| MSH stands for | Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone |
| Na stands for | Sodium |
| NIDDM stands for | Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; also known as Type 2 Diabetes |
| OT stands for | Oxytocin |
| PBI stands for | Protein-Bound Iodine |
| PTH stands for | Parathyroid Hormone |
| RAI stands for | Radioactive Iodine |
| RAIU stands for | Radioactive Iodine Uptake |
| T3 stands for | Triiodothyronine (thyroid hormone) |
| T4 stands for | Thyroxine (thyroid hormone) |
| TFT stands for | Thyroid Function Test |
| TSH stands for | Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone |
| VLDL stands for | Very-Low Density Lipoprotein |
| Serum Glucose Test | measures the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn |
| Thyroid Echogram | an ultrasound examination important in distinguishing solid thyroid nodules from cystic nodules |
| Thyroid Function Tests | laboratory tests that measure the blood levels of the T3, T4 and TSH hormones, to determine how well the thyroid gland is working |
| Thyroid Scan | test that determines the position, size, shape and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of a radionuclear scanning |
| Thyroid Panel | laboratory blood test that produces an enhanced thyroid profile |
| Pancreatitis | An acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas |
| Conn's Disease | A condition characterized by excretion of excessive amounts of aldosterone, causes body to retain extra sodium and excrete extra potassium |
| Addison's Disease | A life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids |
| Cushing's Syndrome | A condition of the adrenal gland in which a cluster of symptoms occur as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood |
Created by:
wallace263
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