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Tissues & Glands
General info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a tissue? | a collection of similar cells and the intercellular substances surrounding them |
| What are the four basic tissues in the body? | epithelium, connective, muscle, nerve |
| What is epithelial tissue? | consists of sheets of cells, classified according to # of cell layers and the morphology of the surface cells; these cells form glands and line all body surfaces, cavities, and ducts |
| Where do simple epithelial cells rest? | on a thin layer called a basement membrane; stratified epithelium do not have one for each layer of cells |
| What are simple, stratified, and psuedo-stratified epithelial tissues? | Simple - single layer of cells; stratified - sheets of cells layers on top of each other; pseudo-stratified-appearance of layers (nuclei at different heights) |
| What do cilia do? | Provide movement, especially of mucus |
| What does PCCE stand for? | pseudo-stratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium |
| What do goblet cells do? | Produce mucus |
| How can you identify transitional epithelium? | lower layer of columnar cells; upper layer of cuboidal cells |
| What type of epithelium would be indicated if cilia were identified? | Pseudo-stratified |
| What is the epithelium that surrounds blood vessels called? | endothelium |
| What is the epithelium that is found in serous membranes called? | mesothelium |
| What is glandular epithelium? | It lines or cover glands (glands secrete something) |
| What are the 3 types of glands? | exocrine glands, endocrine glands, mixed glands |
| Describe exocrine glands and give some examples | they release their products through ducts to the surface; examples are sweat glands, saliva glands, and the exocrine pancreas (digestive enzymes) |
| Describe endocrine glands and give some examples: | they release their products directly into the bloodstream (insulin, glucagon); examples are the pituitary gland, testis, ovaries, endocrine pancreas, and the hypothalamus |
| What are mixed glands and what is an example | mixed glands have functions of both endocrine and exocrine glands; the only example is the pancreas |
| What are the 3 modes of gland secretion? | Holocrine, eccrine, and appocrine |
| What is secretion? | the contents of the cell are released |
| What is holocrine secretion? | the cell is destroyed in the process, replaced by new cells from beneath; e.g. sebaceous glands (oil) of the skin |
| What is eccrine secretion? | the cell remains intact; e.g. salivary glands, sweat glands, exocrine glands of pancreas |
| What is apocrine secretion? | the apex pinches off and is repaired afterwards; e.g. milk secretion from the mammary glands |
Created by:
debmurph
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