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heart and heart disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thickest muscular layer of the heart | Myocardium |
| outermost layer of the heart wall that is also part of the pericardium | epicardium |
| layer of the heart that intercalated disk are found | Myocardium |
| why is the heart considered a double pump | right side pumps in oxygen to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit,left side pumps oxygenated blood to the remainder of body through systemic circuit |
| lower chambers of the heart are called | ventricles |
| valve that is located at the exit of the right ventricle | Pulmonary valve |
| chamber of the heart that has thick muscular walls capable of generating the largest force | left ventricle |
| what partition seperates the 2 atria | Atrial septum |
| another name for the right atrioventricular valve | tricuspid valve |
| the 2 semilunar valves | Pulmonary valve and Aortic valve |
| aortic valve prevents blood from reentering which chamber | Left ventricle |
| which layer of the heart wall does coronary circulation provide blood supply to | Myocardium |
| the fisrt branches off the aorta | right and left coronary arteries |
| what is coronary sinus | dilated vein that opens into the right atrium near the inferior vena cava that collects blood that is drained from the coronary arteries |
| active phase of the cardiac cycle | systole |
| during ventricular systole,are the av valves open or closed | closed |
| what is cardiac output the product of | stroke volume and heart rate |
| what is stroke volume | volume of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat |
| what do chordae tendineae attach to valve flaps to | Papillary muscle |
| the normale pacemaker of the heart that sets the heart rate | SA node |
| through what pathways can impulses travel directly from SA node to the AV node | Internodal pathways |
| what defect does parasympathetic stimulation have on heart rate | decreases heart rate |
| what effect does sympathetic nervous system have on heart rate | increases |
| bradycardia | slow heart rate less than 60 beats minn |
| tachycardia | fast heart rate more than 100 beats minn |
| when does the lubb heart sound occur | at the start of the ventricular systole |
| what causes the dupp sound of the heart | sudden closure of the semilunar valves |
| what is murmur and what is the simplest piece of equipment needed to detect it | an abnormal heart sound due to faulty action of valve.a stethascope |
| endocarditis | inflamation of lining of the heart |
| preicarditis | inflamation of the serious membrane on the heart surface as well as the lining of the pericardial sac |
| what cause atrial septal defect | failure of the foramen ovale to close(a small hole in the septum between the right and left atria) |
| ductus arteriosus | small blood vessel in the fetus that connect the pulmonary artery and the aorta so that some blood headed tward the lungs will enter the aorta instead |
| coarctation | a localized narrowing of the aortic arch |
| medical term for heart attack | Myocardial infarction |
| the area of tissue damaged in a heart attack | infarct |
| angina pectoris | chest pain |
| risk factors for heart attack that cannot be modified | age,gender,heredity,body type |
| risk factors for heart attack that can be modified | smoking,physical inactivity,overweight,saturated fat in diet,high blood pressure,diabetes,gout |
| function of the electrocardiograph | used to record electrical changes produced as the heart muscle contracts |
| what happens in catheterization | catheter is passed through the veins of the arm or groin then into the heart,blood samples are obtained along the way for testing and preasure readings r taken |
| what effects does digitalis have on heart muscle contractions | slows and strenthens |
| function of beta-adrenergic blocking agents | control sympathetic stimulation of heart,they reduce the rate and strength of heart contractions,thus reducing the hearts oxygen demand |
| if SAa node fails to generate a normal heart beat what can be inserted | artificial pacemaker |
| purpose of angioplasty | to open restricted arteries in the heart and other areas of the body |
| what is a stent | a small tube that can be inserted in a vessel to keep it open and prevent repeated blockage |
| what is the SA node | the pace maker of the heart |
| where is the SA node located | right atrium |
| SA node sends regular electrical impulses to the ventricles causing them to | contract |
| what structure relays electrical impulses to ventricles causing them to contract | AV node |
| when watching a EKG what is happing w/ P wave | activity in the atria |
| when watching EKG what is happing w/QRS and T wave | activity in ventricles |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply to the area fed by the arteries |
| occlusion | closing of a vessel |
| stenosis | narrowing of a duck or canal |
| fibrillation | very rapid uncoorinated beating of the heart |
Created by:
cornejo
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