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Muscle
Muscles of the body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter’s muscle |
| "kissing muscles" | Orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head |
| Erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing |
| Abdominal wall muscles | The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera |
| linea alba | In a relatively muscular person with little fat, a vertical linear indentation is visible, extending from the sternum, through the navel to the pubis, consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle |
| rectus abdominis | On each side of the linea alba |
| Tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented |
| Lateral to the rectus abdominis are layers of muscle. From superficial to deep | external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transverses abdominis muscles |
| what do these muscle layers do when they contract and why? | compress the abdominal contents, they are oriented in opposite directions |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles | attach arm to thorax |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Retinaculum (bracelet) | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not “bowstring” during muscle contraction |
| Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles, located within the hand |
| Interossi muscles | located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks. Contributes most of the mass of the buttocks |
| Gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
| Sartorius | “tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) | formed from Gastrocnemius and Soleus, Flex the foot and toes |
| peroneus muscles | The lateral muscles of the leg, primarily everters (turning the lateral side of the foot outward) of the foot, but they also aid in plantar flexion |
| intrinsic foot muscles | 20 muscles located within the foot, flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes |
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. (not contractibility) |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| how do muscles help maintain normal body temperature? | they produce heat |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surround each skeletal muscle |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscles |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi |
| muscle fibers | single muscle cells |
| muscle fasciculi | composed of muscle fibers |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other, fills cytoplasm if each fiber. |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments. They resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments. They resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| sarcomeres | formed by actin and myosin, joins end to end to form the myofibril |
| the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | sarcomere |
| Each sarcomere extends from one _____ to another ______ | Z line (disk) |
| Each Z line is an attachment site for ______ | actin |
| The arrangement of actin and myosin give a _______ appearance | banded |
| I band | light area on each side of the Z line, consists of actin |
| A band | extends the length of the myosin. darker central region in each sarcomere |
| H zone | another light area in the center of each sarcomere, consists of myosin |
| M line | dark staining band where myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere |
| resting membrane potential | The charge difference across the membrane |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly. The brief reversal back of the charge is called | action potential |
Created by:
Shaun T
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