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Musculoskeletal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | cup-shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur fits |
| acromion | part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle |
| amphiarthrosis (p.amphiarthoses) | cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones |
| ankle | hinged area between the lower leg bones and the bones of the foot |
| articular cartilage | cartilage at a joint |
| articulation | point at which two bones join together to allow movement |
| atlas | first cervical vertebra |
| axis | second cervical vertebra |
| bone | hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body |
| bone head | upper, rounded end of a bone |
| bone phagocyte | bone cell that ingests dead bone & bone debris |
| bursa (p.bursae) | sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons & joints |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| calcium | mineral important in the formation of bone |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone with a lattice like structure |
| cardiac muscle | striated involuntary muscle of the heart |
| carpus, carpal bone | wrist; wrist bone |
| cartilage | flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, & the lining of various parts of the body |
| cartilaginous disk | thick, circular mass of cartilage between the vertebrae of the spinal column |
| cervical vertebrae | seven vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck |
| clavicle | curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone |
| coccyx | small bone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone |
| compact bone | hard bone with a tightly woven structure |
| condyle | rounded surface at the end of a bone |
| crest | bony ridge |
| diaphysis | long middle section of a long bone; shaft |
| diarthroses (s. diarthrosis) | freely movable joints |
| disk | *see cartilaginous disk |
| dorsal vertebrae | thoracic vertebrae |
| elbow | joint between the upper arm & the forearm |
| endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity |
| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies & disappears when growth stops |
| ethmoid bone | irregular bone of the face attached to the sphenoid |
| ethmoid sinuses | sinuses on both sides of the nasal cavities between each eye & the sphenoid sinus |
| fascia (p. fasciae) | sheet of fibrous tissue the encloses muscles |
| femur | long bone of the thigh |
| fibula | smallest long bone of the lower leg |
| fissure | deep furrow or slit |
| flat bones | thin, flatten bones that cover certain areas, as of the skull |
| fontanelle | soft, membranous section on top of an infant's skull |
| foramen | opening or perforation through a bone |
| foramen magnum | opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
| fossa (p. fossae) | depression, as in a bone |
| frontal bone | large bone of the skull that forms the top of the head & the forehead |
| frontal sinuses | sinuses above the eyes |
| heel | back, rounded portion of the foot |
| humerus | long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top & the radius & the ulna at the bottom |
| ilium | wide portion of the hip bone |
| insertion | point at which muscle attaches to a movable bone |
| intervertebral disk | *see cartilaginous disk |
| involuntary muscle | muscle not movable at all |
| irregular bones | any of a group of bones with a special shape tot fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull |
| ischium | one of three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle |
| join | place of joining between tow or more bones |
| lacrimal bone | thin, flat bone of the face |
| lamina (p. laminae) | thin, flat part of either side of the arch of a vertebra |
| ligament | sheet of fibrous tissue connecting & supporting bones; attaches bone to bone |
| long bone | any bone of the extremities with a shaft |
| lumbar vertebrae | five vertebrae of the lower back |
| malleolus (p.malleoli) | rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle |
| mandible | u-shaped bone of the lower jaw |
| mandibular bone | mandible |
| marrow | connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients |
| mastoid process | protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind the ear |
| maxillary sinus | sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below the eyes |
| medullary cavity | soft center cavity in the bone that often holds marrow |
| metacarpal | one of the five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers |
| metaphysis | section of a long bone between the epiphysis & diaphysis |
| metatarsal bones | bones of the foot between the instep (arch) & the toes |
| muscle | contractile tissue that plays a major role in body movement |
| musculoskeletal system | system of the body including the muscles & skeleton |
| nasal bones | bones that form the bridge of the nose |
| nasal cavity | cavity on either side of the nasal septum |
| neural canal | space through which the spinal cord passes |
| nucleus pulposus | fibrous mass in the center portion of the intervertebral disk |
| occipital bone | bone that forms the lower back portion of the skull |
| olecranon | curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow |
| origin | point at which muscles attach to stationary bone |
| osseous tissue | connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited |
| ossification | hardening into bone |
| osteoblast | cell that forms bone |
| osetoclast | large cell that reabsorbs & removes osseous tissue |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| palatine bone | bone that helps form the hard palate & nasal cavity; located behind the maxillary bones |
| parietal bone | flat, curved bone on either side of the upper part of the skull |
| patella | large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap |
| pelvic cavity | cup-shaped cavity formed by the large bones of the pelvic girdle; contains female reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, bladder, & rectum |
| pelvic girdle | hip bones |
| pelvis | cup-shaped ring of bone & ligaments at the base of the trunk |
| periosteum | fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone |
| phalanges (s. phalanx) | long bones of the fingers & toes |
| phosphorus | mineral important to the formation of bone |
| process | bony outgrowth or projection |
| pubes | anteroinferior portion of the hip bone |
| pubic symphysis | joint between the 2 pubic bones |
| radius | shorter bone of the forearm |
| rib | one of the 24 bones that form the chest wall |
| sacrum | next-to-last spinal vertebra made up of five fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis |
| scapula | large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade |
| sella turcica | bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| sesamoid bone | bone formed in a tendon over a joint |
| shin | anterior ridge of the tibia |
| short bones | square-shaped bones with approximately equal dimensions on all sides |
| sinus | hollow cavity, especially either of two cavities on the sides of the nose |
| skeleton | bony framework of the body |
| smooth muscle | fibrous muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily |
| sphenoid bone | bone that forms the base of the skull |
| sphenoid sinus | sinus above & behind the nose |
| spinal column | column of vertebrae at the posterior of the body, from the neck to the coccyx |
| spinous process | protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch |
| spongy bone | bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow |
| sternum | long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax |
| striated muscle | muscle with a ribbed appearance that controlled at will |
| styloid process | peg-shaped protrusion from a bone |
| sulcus (p. sulci) | groove or furrow in the surface of bone |
| suture | joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane |
| symphysis | type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones |
| synarthrosis | fibrous joint with no movement |
| synovial fluid | fluid that serves to lubricate joints |
| synovial joint | a joint that moves |
| synovial membrane | connective tissue lining the cavity of joints & producing the synovial fluid |
| tarsus, tarsal bones | seven bones of the instep (arch of the foot) |
| temporal bone | large bone forming the base & sides of the skull |
| temporomandibular joint | joint of the lower jaw between the temporal bone & the mandible |
| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structures |
| thoracic vertebrae | 12 vertebrae of the chest area |
| thorax | part of the trunk between the neck & the abdomen; chest |
| tibia | larger of the two lower leg bones |
| transverse process | protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch |
| trochanter | bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur |
| true ribs | seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum |
| tubercle | slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached |
| tuberosity | large elevation in the surface of a bone |
| ulna | larger bone of the forearm |
| vertebra (p. vertebrae) | one of the bony segments of the spinal column |
| vertebral body | main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra |
| vertebral column | spinal column |
| visceral muscle | smooth muscle |
| vitamin D | vitamin important to the formation of bone |
| voluntary muscle | striated muscle |
| vomer | flat bone forming the nasal septum |
| zygomatic bone | bone that forms the cheek |
Created by:
Kass.Ignacio
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