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Respiratory System 2
respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PO2 is | partial pressure of oxygen |
| PCO2 | partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide |
| air on the arterial side contains much higher | PO2 |
| air on the arterial side contains much lower | PCO2 |
| Higher PO2 and PCO2 allow for oxygen to | diffuse into the capillary |
| Higher PO2 and PCO2 allow carbon dioxide to | diffuse out of capillary, after which it is exhaled |
| P is | partial pressure of a gas |
| Tissue PO2 stays at approximately | 40 mm Hg |
| Hg is | mercury |
| when not breathing pressure inside the lungs is same or different | same |
| atmospheric pressure in | 760 mm HG |
| PV stands for | pressure and volume |
| if lung pressure goes up volume goes.... | down |
| if lung pressure goes down, volume goes | up |
| the pressure within the lungs drops .... mm HG during | inspiration |
| during inspiration mm HG is | 758 |
| the diaphragm comes up or drops down during inspiration | drops down |
| Type ii alveolar cells secretee | lipoprotein |
| lipoprotein substances is called | surfactant |
| are surfactants a dry or oily substances | oily |
| inside the alveoli,water tension does what | pulls inward on the alveolus |
| why does water tension pull inwards on the alveolus | it is trying to collapse it |
| ...... breaks surface tension | surfactant |
| why is it important to have surfactant | breaks surface tension to prevent collapse of the alveoli |
| fetal lung produce very little | surfactant |
| when born premature the lung | are difficult to expand and alveoli may collapse due to surface tension |
| during respiratory distress syndrome what can be inserted in the lung | artificial surfactant |
| In the brain stem, what contains respiratory centers to control breathing | pons & medulla oblongata |
| what controls the rate of breathing | pons and medulla oblongata |
| what 2 nerves control over breathing | phrenic & vagus |
| diaphragm contracts via the | phrenic nerve |
| sensory information from the lungs travels back to the brain via | vagus nerve |
| what nerve tells the brain houw stretched the lung are and not to over stretch them | vagus nerve |
| carbon dioxide is an | acid |
| the higher the acidity the .... the ph | lower |
| can receptors in the brain detect blood chemistry changes in breathing | yes |
| the receptors in the brain that detect the changes in blood chemistry that affect breathing are called | central chemoreceptors |
| ph will go up or down as PCO2 increases | down |
| if ph drops below 7.4 this change is detected in the medulla oblongata, true or false | true |
| what is detected in the medulla oblongata | changes in ph levels |
| what causes an increase in respiration | ph drop below 7.4 |
| Receptors in the arota and carotid arteries detect changes in | oxygen concentration |
| receptors in the aorta are called | aortic bodies |
| receptors in the carotid ateries are called | carotid bodies |
| what receptors send sensory information | arotic and carotid bodies |
| sensory information is sent via what nerve | vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve |
| the vegus and glossopharyngeal nerves send information to the | medulla oblongata |
| low oxygen will trigger stimulation of ........ | aorta and carotid receptors |
| when low oxygen trigger stimulation of receptors this will | increase respiration |
| Tidal volume | amount of air moved during a breath 500ml |
| inspiration reserve volume | additional inspiration lung volume not used at rest 3000ml |
| expiratory reserve volume | additional expiration lung volume not used at rest 1100ml |
| residual volume (dead space) | set amount of air in lungs after maximum expiration 1200ml |
| vital capacity | maximum tidal volume... max amount of air 4600ml |
| total lung capacity | 5800ml |
| vital capacity is equal to | inspiration reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volune |
| total lung capacity is equal to | Inspiratory reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume (dead space) aq |
| hemoglobin saturation is | amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin |
| what affect hemoglobin saturation | PCO2, ph and temperature |
| an increased PCO2 causes more dissociation of | oxygen from hemaglobin |
| as ph decreases, hemoglobin saturation | decreases |
| an increase in PCO2 causes | decrease in ph |
| a decrease in ph causes | more oxygen to dissociate |
| ph is dependent on more than just | CO2 |
| is hemoglobin saturation inversely proportional to temperature | yes |
| increased tempurature is degreased | hemoglobin saturation |
| body temp in celius | 37-38 |
| asthma is a condition of what | trachea and bronchi lumen |
| what happens when you have asthma | inflammation and mucous production, muscle contraction and lumen decreases in size |
| emphysema is a condition of | alveolar walls rupture, creating larger spaces but less surface area for gas exchanges |
| emphysema increases surface area for gas exchange | false |
| what reduces elasticity of lung, resulting in difficulty exhaling | emphysema |
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Miccimouse
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