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ch. 10 terms
Question | Answer |
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Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
Cereal Grain | A grass yielding grain for food |
Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field. |
Commercial agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
Coop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season. |
Crop rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil. |
Desertification | De gradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. |
Double Cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. |
Grain | Seed of a cereal grass |
Green Revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
Hull | The outer covering of a seed. |
Intensive Subsistence agriculture | A form of substance agriculture in which farmers must expand a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah. |
Pasture | Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing. |
Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specialize in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually for a more developed country. |
Prime Agricultural land | The most productive farmland. |
Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
Reaper | A machine that cuts grain standing in the field. |
Ridge tillage | system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. |
Sawah | A flooded field for growing rice. |
Seed agriculture | Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization. |
Shifting cultivation | A form of substance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another: each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
Slash-and-burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. |
spring wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. |
Substance agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family. |
Sustainable agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides. |
Swidden | A patch of land cleared for planting. |
Thresh | To beat out grain from stocks by trampling it. |
Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. |
Truck farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle England word bartering or the exchange of commodities. |
Vegetative planting | Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants. |
Wet rice | Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved o a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
Winnow | To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind. |
Winter wheat | Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer. |