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Chapter 11
Nervous system
| central nervous system CNS | consist of brain and spinal cord brain is largest and most complex part of the nervous system sensation perception movement thinking control |
| brain consist of | two cerebral hemispheres diencephalon brain stem cerebellum |
| PNS Peripheral nerves | both brain and spinal cord connect to this nervous sytem |
| meniges | membrane that protect brain and spinal cord lie between bone and soft tissues of nervous system |
| the meninges | membranes that protect brain and spinal cord has three layers |
| dura mater | outer layer tough dense connective tissue |
| arachnoid mater | middle layer weblike subarachnoid space contains cerebospinal fluid |
| Pia mater | inner layer attached to surface of brain and spinal cord blood vessels and nerves nourishes CNS |
| Cerebosinal fludi | secreted by the choroid plexuses special capillaries of pia mater |
| arachnoid granulations | volume is aout 140ml at any time |
| cerebrospinal fluid pressure | continuous secrection and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid keeps fluid pressure in ventricles constant |
| traumatic brain injury | result of mechanical force such as fall attach accident sports injury |
| concussion | a mild tbi typically results from a one time injury and has no lasting symptoms |
| chronic traumatic enecphalopathy | sports related mild repetitive tbi results from many small injures over time symptoms begin years later and have long lasting effects on memory and behavior |
| blast related brain injury | severe tbi resulting from explosions in combat situations often leads to cognitive decline years after injury |
| neural tube | gives rise to CNS brain forms from three vesicles forebrain midbrain and hindbrain |
| cerebral hemispheres | two hales separated by fax cerebri |
| corpus callosum | connects cerebral hemispheres |
| gyri | ridges or convilutions |
| sulci | shallow grooves in surface |
| fissures | deep grooves in surface |
| longitudinal | seprates the cerebral hemispheres |
| transverse | separates cerebrum from cerebellum |
| five lobes of the cerebral hemispheres | frontal parietal temporal occipital insula |
| cerebral cortex | thin layer of grey matter which makes up outermost layer of the cerebrum |
| white matter | lies under cerebral cortex makes up most of cerebrum contains bundles of myelinated axons |
| cutaneous sensory area | parietal lobe interprets sensations on skin |
| sensory speech area (wernicke's area) | temporal parietal lobe usually left hemisphere understand and formulating language |
| visual area | occipital lobe interprets vision |
| auditory area | temporal lobe interprets hearing |
| sensory area for taste | near base of the central sulcus includes part of insula |
| sensory area for smell | arise from centers deep within temporal lobes |
| broca's aphasia | loss of ability to produce language spoken or written (patient aware of issue) |
| wernick's aphasia | can not choose the correct words to express though speaks random words to express though (patient is aware of issue) |
| Frontal lobe association areas | concentration planning complex problem solving emotional behavior judging consequences of behavior |
| parietal lobe association areas | understanding speech choosing words to express thoughts and feelings |
| temporal lobe association areas | interpret complex sensory experiences understanding speech or reading |
| occipital lobe association areas | analyze and combine visual images with other sensory experiences |
| insula | translating sensory information into proper emotional responses |
| dominant hemisphere | language skills of speech writing reading verbal analytical and computerization skills |
| nondominant hemispherere | nonverbal tasks motor tasks understanding and interpreting musical and visual patterns provides emotional and intuitive thought processes |
| basal nuclei | sometimes called basal ganglia mases of grey matter deep within cerebral hemispheres |
| parkinson disease | neurons degenerate in the substantia nigra which produces the neurotransmitter dopamine |
| limbic system | consist of several structures in various parts of the brain including diencephalon |
| hyupothalamus | maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities such as heart rate blood pressure body temperature water and electrolyte balance |
| thalamus | gateway for sensory impulses ascending to cerebral cortex receives all sensory impulses |
Created by:
Jenfaith
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