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GI System Disorders
GI
Term | Meaning |
---|---|
Acute Gastritis | transient irritation caused by local irritants and H. pylori |
Chronic Gastritis | A progressive disease causing thinning and degeneration of the stomach wall. Affects the parietal and chief cells: leads to decrease HCl and intrinsic factors. Seen in elderly , ETOH abusers, smokers, autoimmune etiology |
Peptic Ulcer Disease | A break in the mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or upper SI; exposes the submucosal areas to gastric scretions and autodigestion |
Duodenal Ulcers | H. Pylori infection with hypersecretion of acid |
Gastric Ulcers | increased permeability to hydrogen ions |
complications of PUD | hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation |
Ulcerative Colitis | inflammatory disease of the colon |
Chron's Disease | inflammatory disease of the small or large intestine |
Malabsorption Syndrome | complication of GI disorder where nutrients are not digested and absorbed. Person experiences steatorrhea, weight loss, fatigue etc. |
Dumping Syndrome | Occurs after gastric bypass surgery; food rapidly enters the jejunum w/o mixing or digestion from the duodenum |
Cirrhosis | irreversible inflammatory disease; liver parenchymal cells are destroyed and replaced by fibrotic tissue |
Postnecrotic Cirrhosis | caused by viral hepatitis, drugs or toxins, or after an autoimmune disorder |
Biliary Cirrhosis | an obstruction of the bile ducts; possible autoimmune disorder |
Portal Cirrhosis | due to toxic effects of ETOH |
Hepatitis A | transmitted via fecal-oral route, doesn't lead to chronic hepatitis, doesn't create carrier state, occasionally causes liver failure, and a vaccine is available |
Hepatitis B | transmitted through contaminated blood and body fluids, may lead to liver failure and carrier state, a vaccine is available |
Hepatitis C | transmitted via blood and body fluids, some may become jaundiced, may lead to chronic hepatitis, carrier states, and liver cancer, no vaccine available yet |
Hepatitis D | transmitted via blood and body fluids; however depends on HBV infection, may lead to fulminant or chronic hepatitis |
Hepatitis E | transmitted via fecal-oral route and is similar to HAV, does not cause chronis hepatitis or a carrier state, occurs in developing countries |
Hepatitis F&G | recently discovered viruses, etiology unknown |