Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Muscles
Chapter 9
| three types of muscle | Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary attached to bones, skin of face |
| cardiac muscle | walls of the heart involuntary |
| smooth muscle | found in walls of internal organs such as those of digestive tract involuntary |
| skeletal muscle 2 | composed of skeletal muscle tissue nervous tissue blood and connective tissue |
| connective tissue coverings | fascia, tendons, aponeuroses |
| Aponeuroses | broad sheet in skull connecting muscle to muscle also in stomach |
| Muscle coverings | Epimysium perimysium and endomysium |
| Epimysium | surrounds whole muscle |
| perimysium | surrounds fascicles within a muscle |
| endomysium | surrounds muscle fibers cells with a fascicle |
| fiber muscle cell | mutinucleated sarcolmma sarcoplasm many myofibrils myofibrils consist of thin actin and thick myosin sarcomeres sarcoplasmic reticulum transverse t tubule triad and SR cisternae |
| sarcomeres | contain i band, a band, h zone, z line or z disc, m line |
| I band | light band composed of the thin actin filamets |
| A band | dark band composed of thick myosin filaments |
| z line | anchors filaments in place |
| h zone | center of a band compose of thick myosin filaments |
| M line | anchors thick filaments center of A band |
| Thick filaments | composed of myosin protein heads form cross bridges |
| thin filaments | composed of actin protein associated with troponin and tropomyosin which prevent cross bridge formation when muscle is not contracting |
| neuromuscular junction | a type of synapse also called a myoneural junction site where an axon of motor neuror and skeletal muscle fiber interact |
| Acetylcholine ach | is the neurotransmitter nerve impulse causes release of ach from synaptic vesicles |
| Myasthenia gravis | is an auto immune disorder antibiotics attack acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle fibers |
| Excitation contraction coupling | connection between muscle fiber stimulation and muscle contraction |
| ATP | helps muscles relax |
| Mystin head | helps build muscle up for contraction |
| Acetylcholiesterase | enzyme rapidly decomposed ach remaining in the synapse muscle impulse stop when ach is decompsed |
| calcium pump | moves ca+2 back into sacoplasmic reticulum |
| Troponin tropomyosin complex | again covers binding sites on actin |
| Energy sources for contracting | ATP reserves small amount, creatine phospate initial source of energy to regenerate ATP from ADP and P, cellular respiration |
| Cellular respiration | anaerobic phrase: glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm produces little ATP Aerobic phrase: citric acid cycle and electron transport system occurs i nthe mitochondria produces ATP myoglobin stores extra oxygen in muscles |
| anaerobic threshold | shift in metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic during strenuous muscle activity |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed by liver cells to convert the accumulated lactic acid to glucose and to restore muscle ATP |
| Muscle fatigue | unable to contract muscle |
| muscle cramp | sustained involuntary muscle contraction may be cause by changes in electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids in the area |
| Heat production | by product of cellular respiration in active cells muscle cells are major source of body heat |
| muscular response | muscle contraction can be observed by removing a single skeletal muscle fiber and connecting it to a device that senses and records changes in the overall length of the muscle fiber |
| threshold stimulus | minimum strength of stimulation of a muscle fiber required to caused contraction |
| Twitch | contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single impulse |
| summation | process by which the force of individual muscle fiber twitches combine |
| motor unit | a motor neuron all of the muscle fibers it controls |
| Recruitment | increase in the number of motor units activated to produce more force |
| Isotonic | muscle contracts and changes length equal force |
| Isometric | muscle contracts but does not change length change in force |
| Slow twitch fiber | always oxidative resistant to fatigue |
| fast twitch fatigue | intermediate twitch fibers |
| fast twitch glycolytic fibers | anaerobic respiration white fibers poorer blood supply |
| Hypertrophy | enlargement of skeletal muscle that is exercised |
| Atrophy | decrease in size and strength of skeletal muscle that is unused |
| Smooth muscle | shorter single centrally located nucleus elongated with tapering ends |
| Multi unit smooth muscle | cells are less organized |
| visceral smooth muscle | single unit smooth muscle cells respond as a unit |
| Different from skeletal muscle contraction in these ways | smooth muscle lacks troponin uses calmodulin instead |
| Cardiac muscle | striated muscle cells muscle fibers joined together by intercalated disks |
| Skeletal muscle actions | generate a great variety of body movements |
| 4 basic component of levers | rigid bar or rod bones, fulcrum or pivot on which bar moves, object moved against resistance and force that supplies energy for movement |
| Origin | less movable end |
| insertion | more moveable end when muscle contracts insertion is pulled toward origin |
| Agonist | muscle that causes an action |
| prime mover | agonist primarily responsible for movement in some cases the terms agonist and prime mover are used interchargebly |
| synergists | muscle that assist agonist/prime mover |
| antagonist | muscles whose contraction causes movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover |
Created by:
Jenfaith
Popular Anatomy sets