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Anatomy
Bone and Bone Tissue
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| four components of the skeletal system | cartilage, bones, ligaments, and tendons |
| functions of the skeletal system | support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production |
| three functions of cartilage | hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic |
| hyaline cartilage | location: ends of bones, ribs, growth plates, trachea, bronchi, nose, and embryonic skeleton function: provides smooth surfaces for joints, provide support |
| fibrocartilage | strongest function: support location: pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks, labrum, minisci |
| elastic cartilage | function: support with flexibility location: epiglottis, external ear |
| long bones | longer than wide examples: bone of the limbs (humerus, phalanges, fibula, etc.) |
| short bones | cube like bones examples: wrist and ankle |
| flat bones | examples: sternum, ribs, certain bones of skull |
| irregular bones | all other bones example: vertebrae, hip bones |
| sutural | located within the sutures of the skull (not always present) |
| sesamoid bones | shaped like a sesame seed bone is surrouned by a tendon example: patella |
| structures of a long bone | diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal lines, periosteum, and endosteum |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone composed of primarily compact bone contains marrow cavity (yellow bone marrow) |
| epiphyses | ends of long bone composed primarily of spongy bone covered with articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) |
| epiphyseal lines | located between diaphysis and epiphyses former growth plates |
| periosteum (around the bone) | connective tissue membrane which surrounds external surface of the diaphysis |
| endosteum (enside the bone) | connective tissue membrane which surrounds the internal surfaces of the bone |
| bone (type of connective tissue) | bone contains osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts |
| osteoblasts (build bone) | make bone (secrete osteoid) turn into osteocytes |
| osteocytes (maintain bone) | mature bone cells, maintain bone cell bodies of osteocytes, space called lacunae cell processes of osteocytes, space called canaliculi |
| osteoclasts (consuming bone) | breakdown bone has lots of nuclei (cluster of nuclei) |
| compact bone | external layer of bone composed of osteons bone matrix formed by rings called concentric lamellae each osteon has a central canal (contain blood vessels & nerves) central canals are connected to each other by perforating canals |
| spongy bone | no osteons surrounded by compact bone composed of plates of boned called trabeculae bone is remodeled (keeps bones strong) |
| bone development (ossification) | process of forming bony skeleton two types: intramembranous and endochondral ossification |
| intramembranous ossification (within membrane) | bone originates from connective tissue members flat bones of skull & the clavicles |
| endochondral ossification | bone originates from hyaline cartilage most bones of the skeleton |
Created by:
hharki
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