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O,I,A,n,a Upper Limb
Upper Limb Muscles and O, I, Action, nerve, and artery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pectoralis Major: Origin of Calvicular Head | Anterior surface of medial half of clavicle. |
| Pectoralis Major: Origin of Sternalcostal Head | Anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle. |
| Pectoralis Major: Insertion | Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus. |
| Pectoralis Major: Innervation | Lateral and medial pectoral nerves. |
| Pectoralis Major: Blood Supply | Pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk, perforating branches of anterior intercostal arteries. |
| Pectoralis Major: Action | Adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position. |
| Pectoralis Minor: Origin | 3rd through 5th ribs near their costal cartilages. |
| Pectoralis Minor: Insertion | Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. |
| Pectoralis Minor: Innervation | Medial pectoral nerve. |
| Pectoralis Minor: Blood Supply | Pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk, perforating branches of anterior intercostal arteries. |
| Pectoralis Minor: Action | Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall. |
| Subclavius: Origin | Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage. |
| Subclavius: Insertion | Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle. |
| Subclavius: Innervation | Nerve to Subclavius. |
| Subclavius: Blood Supply | Clavicular branches the thoracoacromial trunk. |
| Subclavius: Action | Anchors and depresses clavicle. |
| Serratus Anterior: Origin | External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs. |
| Serratus Anterior: Insertion | Anterior surface of medial border of the scapula. |
| Serratus Anterior: Innervation | Long thoracic nerve. |
| Serratus Anterior: Blood Supply | Lateral thoracic artery. |
| Serratus Anterior: Action | Protracts scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall; rotates scapula. |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Innervation | Thoracodorsal Nerve. |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Origin | Spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,and inferior 3 or 4 ribs. |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Insertion | Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Blood Supply | Thoracodorsal artery. |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Action | Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms when climbing. |
| Deltoid: Origin | Lateral third of the clavicle; acromion and spine of the scapula. |
| Deltoid: Insertion | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. |
| Deltoid: Innervation | Axillary Nerve. |
| Deltoid: Blood Supply | Posterior humeral circumflex artery and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial trunk. |
| Deltoid: Action of Clavicular Part | Flexes and medially rotates the arm. |
| Deltoid: Action of the Acromial Part | Abducts the arm. |
| Deltoid: Action of the Spinal Part | Extends and laterally rotates the arm. |
| Supraspinatus: Origin | Supraspinous fossa. |
| Supraspinatus: Insertion | Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
| Supraspinatus: Innervation | Suprascapular Nerve |
| Supraspinatus: Blood Supply | Suprascapular Artery |
| Supraspinatus: Action | Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of the arm and acts with the rotator cuff muscles. |
| Infraspinatus: Origin | Infraspinatus fossa. |
| Infraspinatus: Insertion | Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
| Infraspinatus: Innervation | Suprascapular Nerve |
| Infraspinatus: Blood Supply | Suprascapular Artery |
| Infraspinatus: Action | Laterally rotates the arm and helps to hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity. |
| Teres Minor: Origin | Middle Part of the lateral border of the scapula. |
| Teres Minor: Insertion | Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
| Teres Minor: Innervation | Axillary Nerve |
| Teres Minor: Blood Supply | Scapular circumflex artery. |
| Teres Minor: Action | Laterally rotates the arm and helps to hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity. |
| Teres Major: Origin | Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula. |
| Teres Major: Insertion | Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. |
| Teres Major: Innervation | Lower Subscapular Nerve |
| Teres Major: Blood Supply | Scapular circumflex artery. |
| Teres Major: Action | Adducts and medially rotates the arm. Some extension. |
| Subscapularis: Origin | Subscapular fossa. |
| Subscapularis: Insertion | Lesser tubercle of the humerus. |
| Subscapularis: Innervation | Upper and lower subscapular nerves. |
| Subscapularis: Blood Supply | Subscapular artery. |
| Subscapularis: Action | Medially rotates and adducts the arm; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity. |
| Biceps Brachii: Origin of Short Head | Tip of the coracoid process of scapula. |
| Biceps Brachii: Origin of Long Head | Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. |
| Biceps Brachii: Insertion | Tuberosity of the radius and fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis. |
| Biceps Brachii: Innervation | Musculocutaneous Nerve |
| Biceps Brachii: Blood Supply | Brachial artery. |
| Biceps Brachii: Action | Supinates forearm and, when it is supine, flexes the forearm; short head resists dislocation of the shoulder. |
| Brachialis: Origin | Distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus. |
| Brachialis: Insertion | Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna. |
| Brachialis: Innervation | Musculocutaneous Nerve. |
| Brachialis: Blood Supply | Brachial artery. |
| Brachialis: Action | Flexes the forearm in all postions. |
| Coracobrachialis: Origin | Tip of coracoid process of the scapula. |
| Coracobrachialis: Insertion | Middle third of the medial surface of the humerus. |
| Coracobrachialis: Innervation | Musculocutaneous Nerve. |
| Coracobrachialis: Blood Supply | Brachial artery. |
| Coracobrachialis: Action | Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder. |
| Triceps Brachii: Origin of the Long Head | Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. |
| Triceps Brachii: Origin of the Lateral Head | Posterior surface of the humerus, superior to radial groove. |
| Triceps Brachii: Origin of the Medial Head | Posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove. |
| Triceps Brachii: Insertion | Proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and the fascia of the forearm. |
| Triceps Brachii: Innervation | Radial Nerve. |
| Triceps Brachii: Blood Supply | Deep Brachial Artery. |
| Triceps Brachii: Action | Chief extensor of the forearm. |
| Triceps Brachii: Action of the Long Head | Resists dislocation of the humerus, especially important during abduction. |
| Anconeus: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus. |
| Anconeus: Insertion | Lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna. |
| Anconeus: Innervation | Radial Nerve. |
| Anconeus: Blood Supply | Middle collateral artery and interosseous recurrent artery. |
| Anconeus: Action | Assists triceps in extending the forearm; stabilizes elbow joint and may abduct the ulna during pronation. |
| Pronator Teres: Origin | Coronoid process. |
| Pronator Teres: Insertion | Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius. |
| Pronator Teres: Innervation | Median Nerve. |
| Pronator Teres: Blood Supply | Radial Artery. |
| Pronator Teres: Action | Pronates and flexes the forearm at the elbow. |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Origin | Medial epicondyle of the humerus. |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Insertion | Base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal. |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Innervation | Median Nerve. |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Blood Supply | Radial Artery. |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Action | Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist. |
| Palmaris Longus: Origin | Medial epicondyle of the humerus. |
| Palmaris Longus: Insertion | Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis. |
| Palmaris Longus: Innervation | Median Nerve. |
| Palmaris Longus: Blood Supply | Radial or Ulnar Artery. |
| Palmaris Longus: Action | Flexes hand at wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin of the Humeral Head | Medial epicondyle of the humerus. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin of the Ulnar Head | Olecranon and posterior border. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Insertion | Pisiform, hook of the hamate, and the 5th metacarpal. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Innervation | Ulnar Nerve. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Blood Supply | Posterior ulnar recurrant artery. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Action | Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist. |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Origin | Medial epicondyle of the humerus, the coronoid process, and the superior half of the anterior border. |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Insertion | Bases of middle phalanges of the medial four digits. (SPLITS) |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Innervation | Median Nerve. |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Blood Supply | Radial and Ulnar arteries. |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Action | Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpalphalangeal joints. |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Origin | Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane. |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Insertion of the Medial Part | Bases of the distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits. |
| Flexor Digitorm Profundus: Insertion of the Lateral Part | Bases of distal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits. (PIERCES) |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Innervation of the Medial Part | Ulnar Nerve. |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Innervation of the Lateral Part | Anterior Interosseous Nerve, from the Median Nerve. |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Blood Supply | Ulnar artery and anterior interosseous artery. |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Action of Medial Part | Flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints. |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Action of Lateral Part | Flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joints. |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Origin | Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane. |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Insertion | Base of distal phalanx of thumb. |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Innervation | Anterior Interosseous Nerve, branch of the Median Nerve. |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Blood Supply | Anterior Interosseous artery. |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Action | Flexes phalanges of 1st digit. |
| Pronator Quadratus: Origin | Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulnar. |
| Pronator Quadratus: Insertion | Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius. |
| Pronator Quadratus: Innervation | Anterior Interosseous Nerve, a branch of the Median Nerve. |
| Pronator Quadratus: Blood Supply | Anterior Interosseous artery. |
| Pronator Quadratus: Action | Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together. |
| Brachioradialis: Origin | Proximal two thirds of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus. |
| Brachioradialis: Insertion | Lateral surface of distal end of radius, proximal to styloid process. |
| Brachioradialis: Innervation | Radial Nerve. |
| Brachioradialis: Blood Supply | Radial artery and radial recurrent artery. |
| Brachioradialis: Action | Relatively weak flexion of the forearm, maximal when forearm is in midpronated position. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Origin | Lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Insertion | Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Innervation | Radial nerve. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Blood Supply | Radial artery and radial recurrent artery. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Action | Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Insertion | Dorsal aspect of the base of 3rd metacarpal. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Innervation | Deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Action | Extend and abduct the hand at the wrist joint; active during fist clenching. |
| Extensor Digitorum: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus. |
| Extensor Digitorum: Insertion | Extensor expansions of the medial four digits. |
| Extensor Digitorum: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Digitorum: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Extensor Digitorum: Action | Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints. |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus. |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Extensor expansion of the 5th digit. |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Action | Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints. |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; posterior border of the ulna via a shared aponeurosis. |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Insertion | Dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal. |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Action | Extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint. (Also active during fist clenching.) |
| Supinator: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of the ulna. |
| Supinator: Insertion | Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of the proximal third of the radius. |
| Supinator: Innervation | Deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Supinator: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery and Radial Recurrent artery. |
| Supinator: Action | Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow in flexed). |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Origin | Posterior surface of proximal halves of the ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane. |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Insertion | Base of 1st metacarpal. |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of a deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Action | Abducts thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint. |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Origin | Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane. |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Insertion | Dorsal aspect of base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Action | Extends distal phalanx of the thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints. |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Origin | Posterior surface of the distal third of the radius and the interosseous membrane. |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion | Dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Extends proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joints. |
| Extensor Indicis: Origin | Posterior surface of the distal third of the ulna and the interosseous membrane. |
| Extensor Indicis: Insertion | Extensor expansion of the 2nd digit. |
| Extendor Indicis: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a coninuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. |
| Extensor Indicis: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery. |
| Extensor Indicis: Action | Extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension) and helps to extend the hand at the wrist. |
| Opponens Pollicis: Origin | Flexor retinaculum and the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium. |
| Opponens Pollicis: Insertion | Lateral side of the 1st metacarpal. |
| Opponens Pollicis: Innervation | Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve. |
| Opponens Pollicis: Blood Supply | Superficial palmar branch of the Radial artery. |
| Opponens Pollicis: Action | To oppose the thumb as well as rotate it medially. |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Origin | Flexor retinaculum and the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium. |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion | Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation | Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve. |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Blood Supply | Superficial palmar branch of the Radial artery. |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Abducts the thumb and helps to oppose it. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Origin | Flexor retinaculum and the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion of the Superficial Head | Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation of the Superficial Head | Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion of the Deep Head | Medial side fo the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation of the Deep Head | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Flexes the thumb. |
| Adductor Pollicis: Origin of the Oblique Head | Bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals. |
| Adductor Pollicis: Origin of the Transverse Head | Anterior surface of the shaft of the 3rd metacarpal. |
| Adductor Pollicis: Insertion | Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. |
| Adductor Pollicis: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve. |
| Adductor Pollicis: Action | Adducts the thumb toward the lateral border of the palm. |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Origin | Pisiform. |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit. |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve. |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Blood Supply | Deep palmar branch of the Ulnar artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the Ulnar artery. |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Blood Supply | Superficial palmar branch of the Radial artery. |
| Adductor Pollicis: Blood Supply | Deep palmar arterial arch. |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Origin | Hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum. |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Insertion | Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit. |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve. |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Action | Flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit. |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Origin | Hook of the hamate and the flexor retinaculum. |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Medial border of the 5th metacarpal. |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve. |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Blood Supply | Deep palmar branch of the Ulnar artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the Ulnar artery. |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Action | Draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it. |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Blood Supply | Deep palmar branch of the Ulnar artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the Ulnar artery. |
| Lumbricals: Origin of 2 and 3 | Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus. (UNIPENNATE) |
| Lumbricals: Origin of 3 and 4 | Medial three tendons of flexos digitorum profundus. (BIPENNATE) |
| Lumbricals: Insertion | Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits. |
| Lumbricals: Innervation of 2 and 3 | Median Nerve |
| Lumbricals: Innervation of 3 and 4 | Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve. |
| Lumbricals: Action | Flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits. |
| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Origin | Adjacent sides of two metacarpals. (BIPENNATE) |
| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Insertion | Bases of proximal phalanges at the extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits. |
| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve. |
| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Action | Abduct the 2nd-4th digits from the axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints. |
| Lumbricals: Blood Supply | Branches of superficial and deep palmar arterial arches. |
| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Origin | Palmar surfaces of 2nd,4th, and 5th metacarpals. (UNIPENNATE) |
| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Insertion | Bases of proximal phalanges at the extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits. |
| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve. |
| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Action | Adduct the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward the axial line and assist the lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and extending the interphalangeal joints. |
| Platysma: Origin | Inferior border of the mandible, skin, and subscutaneous tissues of the lower face. |
| Platysma: Insertion | Fasic covering the superior parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles. |
| Platysma: Innervation | CN VII |
| Platysma: Blood Supply | Facial artery. |
| Platysma: Action | Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fight; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched. |
| SCM: Origin | Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line. |
| SCM: Insertion of Sternal Head | Anterior surface of manubrium. |
| SCM: Insertion of Clavicular Head | Superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle. |
| SCM: Innervation | CN XI |
| SCM: Blood Supply | Occipital artery. |
| SCM: Action | Unilateral Contraction: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward the opposite side. Bilateral contraction: extends neck, flexes cervical vertebrae. |
| Anerior Scalene: Origin | Anterior tubercles of the TP of C3-C6. |
| Anterior Scalene: Insertion | 1st Rib. |
| Anterior Scalene: Innervation | Cervical spine nerves C4-C6. |
| Anterior Scalene: Blood Supply | Ascending cervical branch of the inferior thyroid artery. |
| Anterior Scalene: Action | Flexes the neck and elevates the 1st rib. |
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