Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy Biochemistry
Human Anatomy (Marieb)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Salt | ionic compound containing cations other than H+ and anions other than OH- (dissociate in water) |
| Electrolyte | substance that conducts an electrical current in a solution (all ions are electrolytes) (dissociate in water) |
| What is one of the most important functions of the kidney? | Maintain correct ionic balance in body fluids required for homeostasis |
| List the 5 properties that make water vital to life | High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, Polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning |
| Acid | a substance that releases Hydrogen ions (H+) in detectable amounts (also called proton donors) Electrolytes |
| Bases | A substance that takes up Hydrogen ions (H+). also called proton acceptors. Electrolytes |
| Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) | an importance base found in blood |
| pH units | measures the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various fluids |
| What happens when acids and bases mix? | they react to form water and a salt |
| neutralization reaction | reaction when an acid and base mix. They neutralize and form water anda salt |
| Buffers | Chemical systems that resist abrupt and large swings in pH levels |
| Why is Carbon so important | Unlike any other small atom, it is electroneutral |
| Polymers | chainlike molecules made of many smaller, identical or similar units (monomers) joined together |
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugars or single-chain structures containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms |
| Disaccharide | double sugar, or two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis |
| Polysaccharides | polymers of simple sugars. Large and fairly insoluble they are ideal storage products. |
| Glycogen | Polysaccharide (storage carbohydrate) of animals |
| Lipids | insoluble in water, but soluble in other lipids or organic solvents |
| Triglycerides | also called neutral fats. called fats when solid and oils when liquid. very large molecules. composed of fatty acids and glycerol |
| Saturated fats | single covalent bonds between carbon atoms form single chains resulting in solid fats. Animal Fats (Solid at room temp) |
| unsaturated fats | contain one or more double bond between carbon atoms resulting in liquid oils Plant oils (liquid at room temp) |
| Trans fats | Oils that have been solidified by the addition of hydrogen atoms at the point of the double bonds |
| Phospholipids | modified triglycerides (contain 2 instead of 3 fatty acid chains) |
| Steriods | fat soluble, containing little oxygen. 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings |
| Amino acids | building block of proteins. can act as either an acid or a base |
| Peptide bond | bond joining the amine group of one amino acid to the acid carboxly group of a second amino acid with the loss of water |
| Macrololecules | large, complex molecules containing over 100 to 10,000 amino acids |
| alpha-helix structure of protein | coiled structure - like a slinky toy always link different parts of the same chain together |
| beta-sheet structure of protein | pleated, ribbon like structure - like an accordion bellow may link different chains or different parts of the same chain |
| fibrous proteins | also called structural proteins - extended and strand like insoluble in water and very stable Structural proteins |
| what is the most abundant protein in the body | collagen |
| globular proteins | also called functional proteins - compact, spherical water soluble and chemically active Transport proteins Hydrogen bonds Can be disrupted by pH imbalance Depends on active sites |
| denatured condition | when a protein unfolds and loses its 3-dimensional shape due to temperature or pH changes |
| Enzyme | globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst Binds to substrate Denaturation disrupts process |
| Activation Energy | The amount of energy required to push a reactant to the level necessary for action |
| Nucleic acids | the largest molecules in the body composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
| What are the two major classes of Nucleic acids | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
| Nucleotides | structural units of nucleic acids |
| What are the 5 major varieties of nitrogen containing bases that contribute to nucleotide structure | adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) |
| Double helix | spiral staircase like structure of DNA |
| What are the complementary bases | A always bonds to T G always bonds to C |
| DNA | Long, double-stranded polymer consisting of A, G, C and T main sugar is deoxyribose Gives instruction to RNA Replicates cell division |
| RNA | carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA. Single strands of nucleotides consisting of A, G, C, and U Main sugar is Ribose |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy (glucose) for use in the body Energy can be used immediately Directly powers chemical reactions in cells |
| What are the 2 classes of compounds | Organic inorganic |
| Inorganic compounds | don't contain carbon (except CO2 and CO) water, salts, and many acids and bases |
| organic compounds | contain carbon, usually large, and covalently bonded carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids |
| What is the normal pH level for blood | between 7.35 and 7.45 |
| What are the 4 main kinds of organic compounds | Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids |
| What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates | Monosaccharides (One sugar), Disaccharides (Two sugars), Polysaccharides (many sugars) |
| What are the two major functions of carbohydrates | Source of Cellular fuel (glucose) Structural molecules |
| What two kinds of foods are carbohydrates | sugars starches |
| What are the 3 main functions of Lipids | Energy storage Insulation Protection |
| What kind of organic compound are steroids | Lipids |
| What kinds of organic compound are triglycerides? | Lipids |
| What makes phospholipids unique | they have a head an tail region that are each polarized |
| What is the most important steroid | Cholesterol |
| List 4 common steroids found in the body | Cholesterol Vitamin D Steroid hormones Bile Salts |
| Are proteins polymers or monomers | Polymers |
| What are the monomers found in proteins | amino acids |
| What elements are common to proteins | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen sometimes Sulfur and Phosphorus |
| What kind of bond joins amino acids | covalent bonds called peptide bonds |
| Amino acids contain what two groups | amine group (acts like base) acid group (acts like acid) |
| All amino acids have the same structure except for which part | the R group |
| What are amino acids with less than 50 chains called | Polypeptide |
| What accounts for the different function in amino acids | their chain sequence variation |
| What are the four levels of protein structure in amino acids | 1. primary - chain of amino acids 2. secondary - formation of helices or sheets 3. teritary - helices or sheets fold up to form globular molecules 4. quaternary - two or more polypeptide chains, each with its own first three levels combine |
| Name 2 examples of fibrous proteins | Collagen Keratin |
| Give 3 examples of Globular proteins | Antibodies Hormones Enzymes |
| What are the three kinds of RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| What is the structure of RNA | Adenine containing RNA nucleotide with two additional phosphate groups |
| What are three functions of ATP | Transport work - activates proteins to transport solutes across cell membranes Mechanical work - contract proteins in muscle cells so they can shorten Chemical work - provides energy for chemical reactions |
| What is the pH range for acidic cubstances | 0 to 6.999 (below 7) |
| What is the pH range for alkaline subtances | 7.0001 to 14 (above 7) |
Created by:
twolden1
Popular Anatomy sets