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Anatomy: Chemistry
Human Anatomy (Marieb)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The capacity to do work (massless) |
| Kinetic energy | Energy in action |
| Potential energy | stored energy |
| Matter | Solid, liquid, gas Has mass |
| Chemical energy | In chemical bonds (potential into kinetic) Digestion |
| Electrical energy | Results from the movement of charged particles Ions across cell membranes (nervous system) |
| Mechanical energy | directly involved in moving matter (muscle and skeletal movement) |
| Radiant energy | energy that travels in waves (X-rays, visible light, UV, vitamin D production) |
| Elements | Cannot be broken down into smaller substances |
| elements that make up 96% of body | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
| 3 subatomic particles | Protons, neutrons, electrons |
| Proton | positive charged particle in nucleus |
| Neutron | neutral charged particle in nucleus |
| Electron | negative charged particle outside of nucleus |
| Atomic number | number of protons (also electrons since they equal) |
| Atomic mass | number of protons + number of neutrons |
| Atomic weight | takes into consideration the various isotopes. average of all relative weights of the isotopes |
| Isotopes | elements that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons |
| Orbitals | regions around the nucleus that contain electrons |
| Radioisotopes | unstable isotopes that decompose spontaneously (radioactivity) |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms bonded together with chemical bond. smallest particle of a compound with those specific characteristics. can be the same kind of atom. |
| Compound | Two or more DIFFERNT kinds of atoms bonded together |
| Chemical bond | Atoms combined with other atoms |
| Electron shell | orbitals around the nucleus |
| Valence shell | outermost orbital |
| Octet rule | atoms tend to interact in order to have 8 electrons in the valence shell (except shell 1) |
| Ion | charged atom as it gained or lost electrons formed by the transfer of valence shell electrons |
| Anion | Negative charged ion (gained electron) |
| Cation | Positive charged ion (lost electron) |
| Ionic bond | attraction of opposite charged ions most are salts |
| Covalent bond | formed when atoms share electrons |
| Nonpolar covalent bond | electrons shared equally. (Like CO2) Electrically balanced |
| Polar covalent bond | unequally shared electrons. Part of the molecule will be slightly positive and another part will be slightly negative |
| Hydrogen bond | Not a true bond - more like an attraction. Hydrogen is attracted to a negative atom in another molecule |
| Synthesis chemical reaction | smaller particles are bonded together to form larger, more complex molecules. (Amino acids) |
| Decomposition chemical reaction | Bonds are broken in larger molecules resulting in smaller, less complex molecules (Glycogen broken down into glucose) |
| Exchange chemical reactions | Bonds are both made and broken (also called displacement reactions) |
| Factors that affect reaction rates | Temperature, concentration, particle size, catalysts |
| Trace Element | An element that makes up 0.01% of body weight or less |
Created by:
twolden1
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