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Anatomy: Overview
Human Anatomy (Marieb)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sagittal | Left to Right from center of specimen |
| Midsagittal or median | Equal sides after division |
| Parasagittal | Unequal halves after division |
| Coronal or Frontal | Front to back division |
| Transverse | Top to bottom division |
| Transverse section | Straight across the organ (perpendicular) |
| Longitudinal section | lengthwise line along the organ (like center line on road) |
| Oblique section | diagonal cut through the organ |
| Superior | Top of body |
| Anterior | Back of body |
| Medial | Closest to center of the body |
| Proximal | limbs - closest to point of attachment |
| Superficial | Close to the surface |
| Inferior | Bottom of the body |
| Posterior (Dorsal) | Back of body (think dorsal fin on fish) |
| Lateral | Farthest away from center line of body |
| Distal | Limbs - further from point of attachment |
| Deep | Closer to center of body |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | contains vertebral cavity and Cranial cavity |
| Vertebral cavity | Contains spinal cord |
| Cranial Cavity | Contains brain |
| Ventral Body Cavity | Contains Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic cavity |
| Thoracic Cavity | Contains heart and lungs - above diaphram |
| Mediastinum | Space between the lungs - where the heart is |
| Pericardial cavity | Contains the heart |
| Pleural cavities | contains the lungs |
| Abdominopelvic cavity (peritoneal cavity) | below the diaphram |
| Abdominal cavity | contains the digestive organs - everything from navel to diaphram |
| pelvic cavity | everything below the navel - urinary, reproductive, rectum |
| Visceral (layer) | membranes that line organs |
| Parietal (layer) | membranes that line cavities |
| visceral pleura | lines outside of the lung |
| parietal pleura | lines the pleural cavity wall |
| visceral pericardium | lines the outside of the heart (the outside membrane) |
| parietal pericardium | lines the pericardium cavity wall |
| viscera peritoneum | lines the organs (the inside membrane) |
| perietal peritoneum | lines the peritonium cavity wall |
| RUQ | Right Upper Quadrant |
| RLQ | Right Lower Quadrant |
| LUQ | Left Upper Quadrant |
| LLQ | Left Lower Quadrant |
| RH region | Right Hypochondriac Region |
| RL region | Right Lumbar Region |
| RI region | Right Iliac Region |
| ER Region | Epigastric Region |
| UR Region | Umbilical Region |
| HR Region | Hypogastric Region |
| LH Region | Left Hypochondriac Region |
| LL Region | Left Lumbar Region |
| LI Region | Left Iliac Region |
| Integumentary System | Protection - hair, skin, nails, sweat and oi glands |
| Skeletal System | Movement - bones and joints |
| Muscular System | Movement - muscles |
| Nervous System | Brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| Endocrine System | Glands and Thymus |
| Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System | Heart and blood vessels |
| Lymphatic & Immune System | Bone marrow, Thymus, Spleen, Lymph nodes, vessels, ducts |
| Respiratory System | Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs |
| Digestive System | Oral cavity, Esophagus, liver, stomach, intestines, rectum, |
| Urinary System | Kidney, Ureter, bladder, urethra |
| Reproductive system | Male: prostate, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens Female: mammary glands, ovary, uterus, uterine tube, vagina |
| Oral | Mouth |
| Orbital | Eyes |
| Mental | Chin |
| Thoracic | Chest |
| Cubital | Inside Elbow |
| Inguinal | Inner Thigh and groin |
| Patellar | kneecap - patella |
| Occipital | Back of head |
| Scapular | Shoulder blade |
| Vertebral | Spine |
| Lumbar | Lower back |
| Cervical | Neck - vertebra |
| Axillary | Armpit |
| Acromial (Deltoid) | Shoulder |
| Brachial | Upper Arm |
| Femroal | Upper Leg or Thigh |
| Plantar | Bottom of feet |
| Pubic | Genitals |
| Popliteal | Back of knee |
| Sacral | Base of spine |
| Gluteal | Buttocks |
| Anatomy | structure of boy parts and their relationship |
| Physiology | Functions of the body - How it works |
| Gross Anatomy | study of large body systems (regional, systemic, surface anatomy) |
| Microscopic Anatomy | structures too small to see with naked eye (cytology, histology) |
| Developmental Anatomy | structural changes that occur throughout lifespan (embryology) |
| Chemical level of structure | atoms combine to form molecules |
| Cellular level of structure | cells are made up of molecules |
| Tissue level of structure | Tissues consist of similar types of cells |
| Organ level of structure | Organs are made up of different types of tissues |
| Organ system level of structure | Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely |
| Organismal level of structure | the human organism is made up of many organ systems |
| Homeostasis | ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes constantly |
| Negative feedback | Goal: reduce or shut off original stimulus (regulation of body temp - like a thermostat) Most feedback mechanisms are Negative |
| Positive Feedback | Goal: enhance or exaggerate original stimulus (blood clotting) usually for events that happen infrequently |
| Survival Needs | Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal Body Temp, Atomspheric Pressure |
Created by:
twolden1
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