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nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 things included in the central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system is made up of the | nerves out side the CNS;cranial and spinal |
| controlled voluntary by consious will and all effectors are skeletal muscles | somatic |
| effectors in the somatic nervous system | skeletal system |
| dendrites | neuronfibers that conduct impulses to the cell body |
| axons | nurons that conduct impulses away from the cell body |
| myelin | fatty material that insulates and protects the fiber |
| coler of myelinated axons | white |
| the color of fiber not covered in myelin | gray |
| sensory/afferent neurons | to the CNS |
| motor/efferent neurons | from CNS |
| tract | bundle of fibers located with in the CNS,located both brain and spinal cord,conduct impulse to and from brain |
| cranial nerves and spinal nerves contain sensory and motor fibers and r referred to as | mixed nerves |
| 2 ex of neuroglia cells | schwann cells,astrocytes |
| befor the start of action potentialwhat state is the plasma membrane of neuron in | rest |
| action potential | sudden change in the electrical charge on a cell membrain which then spreads along the membrain |
| during depolarization,what kind of ions enter cells | Na positive,sodium |
| what type of channels open during repolarization | K positive,potasium |
| how does myelin speed conduction | insulates fiber against the speed of current |
| synapse | point of junction for transmitting the nerve impulse |
| at synapse which direction does transmission of impulse occur | axon-presynaptic-postsynaptic |
| function of receptor | cell can be excited by stimulus,site in cell membrane to which a special substance may attach |
| where r the 3 main neurotransmitters | epinephrine(adrenaline),norepinephrine,acetylcholine |
| what neurotransmitter is released in the neuromuscular junction | ach |
| 2 pairs of columns that give gray matter in spinal cord a H shaped appearance in cross section | dorsal horn,ventral horns |
| how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there | 8 |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves r there | 31 |
| central canal of spinal cord contains | cerebrospinal fluid |
| what kind of impulses do the decending tracts carry | motor (efferent)impulses |
| what is the reflex of pathway | complete pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to response |
| simple reflex | rapid,uncomplicated and automatic response involving very few neurons |
| spinal reflex | passes through the spinal cord alone and does not involve the brain |
| stretch reflex | muscle is stretched and responds by contracting |
| multible sclerosis | disease which myelin sheath around axons is damaged and neuron fibers degenerate,young adults |
| poliomyelitis | viral disease of nervous system,common in children,spread by ingestion of water contaminated by feces |
| diplegia | paralysis of both upper or both lower limbs |
| tetraplegia | paralysis of all 4 limbs(quadriplegia) |
| ganglion | any collection of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS |
| cervical(1 of the mainplexus) | neck,back of head and diaphragm |
| brachial (1 of the main plexus) | shoulder, forearm,wrist,hand |
| lumbosacral (1 of the main plexus) | pelvis,legs |
| which plexus does the phrenic nerve arise | cervical |
| where is sciatica nerve located | lumbosacral,extends down back of thigh |
| what kind of metabolic disease can cause peripheral neuritis | diabetes and gout |
| sciatica | form of peripheral neuritis characterized by severe pain along the sciatic verves and its branches |
| what part of autonomatic nervous system promotes the fight or flight responce | sympathetic |
| nodes | tiny gaps in the PNS are imported to speed up the conduction of nerve impulses |
| peripheral neuritis | a degeneration of nerves suplying the distal areas of the extremities. |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both lower limbs |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of body |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| herpes zoster9shingles) | humerous blisters along the course of certain nerves |
Created by:
cornejo
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