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Chapter 16
Endocrine System - Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Thyroid, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the hypothalamus maintains homeostasis by: | controlling body temperature, growth, blood pressure, etc. |
| what is the pituitary gland? | cluster of cells hanging from the hypothalamus |
| the pituatary gland sits ___ | in the sella turcica |
| where is ADH and oxycotin stored? | the posterior pituitary |
| the ___ connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus | infundibulum |
| ___ is in control of cervical/uterine stretching | oxytocin |
| ADH: | prevents urine production |
| ADH stimulates: | the kidneys to reabsorb & conserve water |
| the anterior pituitary is composed of __ tissue | glandular |
| tropic hormones __ | control release of other hormones |
| __triggers labor & delivery | oxycotin |
| the thyroid-stimulating hormone: | promotes normal development/activity of the thyroid gland |
| which hormone is released by stress? | ACTH |
| which hormone stimulates adrenal cortex & releases corticosteroids? | ACTH |
| the follicle stimulating hormone regulates: | sex cell production |
| prolactin promotes: | milk production |
| luteinizing hormone stimulates: | gonaadal hormone production |
| oxycotin represents __ feedback | positive |
| when the neuron fires, ___ are released | hormones |
| the __ plays a major role in metabolism | thyroid |
| the thyroid overlays the __ | trachea |
| what structure directs the body stress response? | hypothalamus |
| the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target tissue: | thyroid |
| ACTH target tissue: | adrenal cortex |
| the thyroid gland directs: | gene transciption |
| the thyroid gland helps: | cell burn energy |
| hyroid gland is: | lipid soluble, amino acid based |
| which gland requires iodine? | thyroid gland |
| if you have a lot of thyroid glands in the body, body uses ___ ATP and will cause __ | more - weight loss |
| graves disease is caused from: | too much thyroid |
| too much thyroid is called; | hyperthyroidism |
| hypothyroidism: | iodine deficiency |
| when your'e not pumping enough iodine, this is known as: | goiter |
| PTH is released in response to: | low blood calcicum |
| the parathyroid gland secretes: | calcitonin & parathyroid gland |
| which gland regulates calcium? | parathyroid gland |
| the paraythyroid gland stimulates: | the kidney - helps absorb calcium |
| PTH has a __ stimuli | humoral |
| where is the parathyroid gland found? | on the side of the thyroid |
| the adrenal glands sits on: | the superior side of the kidney |
| the adrenal glands are composed of the ___ and ___ | medulla - cortex |
| the medulla is the ___ portion | central (inside) |
| the cortex ___ portion | overlays the top (outside) |
| the cortex produces 3 groups of steroid hormones are: | mineral corticoids, gonaadcorticoids & glucocorticoids |
| __ helps the body deal with stress | cortisol |
| the adrenal medulla produces : | epinephrine & norepiniphrine |
| the catecholamines are derived from: | dopamine |
| glucocorticoids are stored & released from the__ | adrenal cortex |
| the glucocorticoids consists of is a response to: | stress |
| cortisol release is stimulated by: | ACTH |
| short term stress (known as acute stress) is caused by: | classic adrenal rush |
| with acute stress, the ___ nervous system is activated | sympathetic |
| when kidneys retain water & sodium...this is tied to ___ stress | prolonged |
| in prolonged stress the immune system gets __ | suppressed |
| mineralcorticoids regulates: | sodium ion reabsorption & potassium ion excretion by the kidneys |
| gonadocaticoids are ___ that is produced in __ amounts | androgens - small |
| what 2 cells do the pancreas secrete? | beta cells & alpha cells |
| beta cells secretes: | insulin |
| alpha cells secretes: | glucagon |
| the pancreas can be ___ or ___ | endocrine - exocrine |
| when glucose increases. what happens? | insulin is released -> stimulates glucose ->glucose falls to lower level |
| when glucose drops, it stimulates ___ breakdown then ___ | glycogen - > alpha cells release glucagon ->liver is stimulated to release glucose to blood |
| adipose tissue releases: | leptin |
| gastrointestinal tract | gastrin, ghrelin |
| the heart releases: | atrial natriuretic peptide (food balance) |
| the skeleton releases: | osteocalcin |
| kidneys release what hormone? | erythropoietin |
| what does EPO do? | stimulate RBC production |
| the skin releases what hormone? | cholecalciferol |
| what are islets of langerhans? | clusters of endocrine cells that secrete the pancreas hormones |
| glucagon affects the __ | liver |
| when glucose is low, ___ is released | glucagon |
| ___ is released when glucose is high | insulin |
| __ increases glycogen synthesis | insulin |
| glucagon & insulin has what type of effect? | an antagonist |
| ___ increases blood sugar | glucagon |
| insulin ___ blood sugar |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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