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Chapter 8
Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| joints are also called: | articulations |
| functions of joints: | hold skeleton together & gives skeleton mobility |
| 2 classification of joints: | structural & functional |
| the structural classification of joints are based on: | joint cavity & material joint is made up of |
| functional classification of joints are based on___ | movement |
| 3 types of functional classification of joints: | synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses |
| what are synarthroses? | no movement |
| what are amphiarthroses? | some movement |
| ___ are freely movable joints | diarthroses |
| the less movable the joint, the more ___ it is | stable |
| what are the 3 structural classification of joints? | fibrous joints, synovial joints, & cartilaginous joints |
| fibrous joints are joined by what type of tissue? | dense fibrous connective tissue |
| fibrous joints has: | no joint cavity & are immovable |
| what are the 3 types of fibrous joints? | sutures, syndesmoses & gomphoses |
| ___ are immovable joints for protection of the brain | sutures |
| sutures are made up of ___ tissue fibers | short connective |
| in middle age, sutures ossify and fuse and are called: | syntoses (bony junctions) |
| sutures only occur in __ | the brain |
| ___ allows for growth during youth | sutures |
| with syndesmoses, movement depends on: | length of connecting fibers |
| which fibrous joints are bones connected by ligaments? | syndesmoses |
| peg-in-socket joints belong to which fibrous joints? | gomphoses |
| cartilaginous joints: | has joint cavity & are highly movable |
| 2 types of cartilaginous joints are: | synchrondoses & symphyses |
| synchondroses are united by ___ cartilage | hyaline |
| all synchondroses are___ | synarthrotic |
| after the plate closes, synchondroses become ___ | syntoses |
| symphyses are united by what cartilage? | fibrocartilage |
| symphyses act as: | shock absorbers |
| synovial joints are all: | diarthrotic |
| synovial joints includes: | all limbs |
| most joints of the body are: | synovial joints |
| bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity are called: | synovial joints |
| 6 characteristics of synovial joints: | joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, nerves/blood vessels, reinforcing ligaments & articular cartilage |
| what is the purpose of articular cartilage in synovial joints? | prevents crushing of bone ends |
| the articular cartilage in synovial joints is made up which cartilage? | hyaline |
| the articular capsule in synovial joints consists of what 2 layers? | external fibrous layer & inner synovial membrane |
| the inner synovial membrane makes: | synovial fluid |
| ___ lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage | synovial fluid |
| synovial fluid has phagocytic cells to: | remove debris |
| ___ detect pain, stretch, and monitor joint position | nerve fibers |
| ___ supply filtrate for synovial fluid | capillary beds |
| fatty pads & articular discs(menisci) are features of: | synovial joints |
| fatty pads are used for: | cushioning between fibrous layer & synovial membrane |
| menisci stablizes joint & reduces: | wear & tear |
| bursae & tendon sheath are associated with what type of joint? | synovial joints |
| bursae ___ where ligaments, muscles, skin, bones or tendons rub together | reduce friction |
| origin: | attachment to immovable bone |
| insertion: | attachment to movable bone |
| ___ causes insertion to move toward origin | muscle contraction |
| nonaxial | slipping movements only |
| uniaxial | movement in 1 plane |
| biaxial | movement in 2 planes |
| multiaxial | movement in or around all 3 planes |
| abduction is movement___ | away from midline |
| adduction is movement__ | toward midline |
| 2 examples of a gliding movement is: | intercarpal and intertarsal joints |
| medial rotation is: | towards midline |
| lateral rotation is: | away from midline |
| 2 examples of rotation is: | rotation of humerus and femur |
| the largest & most complex joint of the body is: | the knee |
| what is the most freely movement joint in the body? | ball-and-socket joint |
| dorisflexion | flexing toes |
| plantar flexion | pointing toes |
| inversion | sole of foot turned inwards |
| eversion | sole of foot turned outwards |
| supination | palms facing upwards |
| pronation | palms facing downwards |
| protraction | being drawn forward |
| refraction | being drawn backwards |
| opposition only occurs at the: | thumbs |
| movement to opposite side of appendage is called | opposition |
| 2 example of the ball-and-socket joint are: | the hip and shoulder joints |
| 2 examples of the hinge joint includes the __ and __ | elbow and knee joints |
| diarthroses is a type of __ joint | synovial |
| synarthrosis is a type of __ joint | fibrous |
| amphiarthroses is a type of __ joint | cartilaginous |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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