Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Module 8
The Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endocrine system | Ductless glands; secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream (to relay messages) |
| Endocrine system | Responds slowly |
| Endocrine system | Exerts long-lasting effects |
| Endocrine system | Adapts slowly to continual stimulation |
| Exocrine glands | Have ducts that carry secretions to the body's surface |
| Steroid hormone | Pass easily through a cell's membrane; once inside the cell, they bind to receptors in the nucleus |
| Nonsteroid hormone | Can't penetrate the cell wall; they bind to receptors on the cell surface |
| Second messenger | A cascade of processes that influences a cell's response to a hormone |
| Pituitary gland | Influences more body processes than any other endocrine gland |
| Anterior pituitary | Larger than the posterior and consists of glandular tissue |
| Anterior pituitary | It synthesizes and secretes a number of hormones under the direction of the hypothalamus |
| Anterior pituitary | Hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete its hormones or to supress secretion of its hormones |
| Anterior pituitary | Hormones of the anterior pituitary stimulate other endocrine cells to release their hormones. |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | or thyrotropin |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone |
| Prolactin | Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females |
| Andrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Stimulates the production of eggs in the ovaries of females |
| Luteinzing hormone (LH) | Stimulates ovulation in females |
| Growth hormone (GH) | or somatotropin |
| Growth hormone (GH) | Acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth |
| Posterior pituitary | Instead of synthesizing hormones, it stores the hormones antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin which are synthesized by hypothalamus |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the breasts during lactation |
| ADH | or vasopressin |
| ADH | acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration |
| Negative feedback | Pituitary stimulates gland to release hormone Hormone is fed back to pituitary, which halts release of tropic hormone |
| Negative feedback | mechanism where one endocrine gland stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete a hormone, which in turn, causes the first endocrine gland to stop production of its hormone. |
| Pineal gland | Produces melatonin, a hormone that rises at night (when sunlight is absent) and falls during the day. May also regulate the timing of puberty. |
| Thymus | The only glad that is a member of the endocrine system and the immune system |
| Thyroid | Exposure to cold stimulates release of this hormone. It increases the body's metabolic rate, which in turn increases heat production. |
| T3 (Triiodothyronine) T4 (Thyroxine) Calcitonin | Thyroid hormones secreted by thyroid gland: |
| Thyroid follicle | Cells lining the sacs secrete the two main thyroid hormones Triiodothyronine and thyroxine |
| Parafollicular cells | Secrete calcitonin in response increasing blood calcium triggersthe deposition of calcium in bone and thus, promotes bone formation |
| Bones Kidneys Intestines | Parathyroid hormone exerts influence on: |
| Bone | Inhibits new bone formation and stimulates the breakdown of old bone |
| Kidneys | Reabsorb calcium; activate vitamin D |
| Intestines | Vitamin D is important for intestinal absorption of calcium |
| Parathyroid glands | Lie on the posterior surface of the thyroid |
| Parathyroid glands | Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to low blood levels of calcium |
| Tetany from hypocalcemia | typically occurs following the accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. |
| Zona fasciculata | Secretes glucocorticoids; most active during stress. |
| Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Sex steroids | Classes of adrenal cortex hormones |
| Mineralocorticoids | Aldosterone |
| Mineralocortcoids | Acts on kidneys to promote Na+ retention and K+ excretion; also causes water retention |
| Glucocorticoids | Cortisol |
| Glucocorticoids | Aid in the repair of damaged tissue Have an anti-inflammatory effect Aid in maintaining normal blood pressure Suppress the immune system if secreted over a long term |
| Pancreas | Sits just behind the stomach |
| Pancreas | Contains both endocrine and exocrine tissue; majority acts as an exocrine gland |
| Pancreas | Secretes digestive enzymes into the small inestine |
| Pancreas | Islets contain several different types of cells...main ones are alpha, beta, and delta |
| Alpha Cells | Secrete the hormone glucagon between meals, when blood glucose levels decline |
| Beta Cells | Secrete the hormone insulin; stimulates cells to take up more glucose |
| Glucagon Catecholamines Glucocorticoids | Hormones that boost blood glucose levels |
| Glucagon | When blood sugar falls, it stimulates lever cells to convert glycogen into glucose |
| Catecholamines | Boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen |
| Glucocorticoids | Convert fat and protein to glucose |
| Insulin | It triggers the cells to take up more glucose |
| Insulin | It causes the lever to take up glucose and store it as glycogen |
| Type 2 Diabetes | A loss of insulin receptors on target cells leading to insulin resistance |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Deficiency of insulin resulting from the destruction of beta cells of the pancreatic islets |
Created by:
JoAnna_Crafton
Popular Medical sets