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Module 4
Heme 2 -- Chapter 30 FINAL Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antiserum | Serum that contains antibodies to a specific antigen used to perform blood typing |
| Agglutination | Antigen-antibody reaction which involves clumping of cells due to the antibody attaching itself to the antigen |
| Blood urea nitrogen | Kidney function indicator test which measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood |
| Analyte | Any substance that is being chemically analyzed |
| Homeostasis | State of equilibrium within the body when the body systems are functioning normally |
| Lipoprotein | Simple protein, bound to fat, that transports lipids in the blood |
| Triglycerides | Fat found in the blood stream that is often stored as adipose tissue |
| Antibody | Particle produced in response to an antigen for the purpose of neutralizing or destroying that antigen |
| Bilirubin | Orange-yellow pigment produced from the breakdown of RBCs that is secreted in the bile |
| Cholesterol | Major component of bile made in the liver |
| Antigen | Substance that stimulates antibody production within the body |
| Hypoglycemia | Term for decrease in blood glucose levels |
| Hyperglycemia | Term for increase in blood glucose levels |
| Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) | Fraction of cholesterol that carries and deposits lipids in the arteries and other body tissues (BAD) |
| High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) | Good cholesterol |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotrpin (HCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta in pregnant females |
| FBS (test) | Normal value -- 70-110 mg/dL; diagnose and manage diabetes |
| BUN (test) | 8-25 mg/dL; evaluate kidney function |
| HbA1c (test) | 4.5-6.5; indicates blood glucose control over the past 3 months |
| Creatinine (test) | 0.4-1.5 mg/dL; renal function test |
| Total Cholesterol (test) | less than 200 mg/dL (same in men and women) |
| HDL (test) | Males: 37-70 mg/dL; Females: 40-85 mg/dL |
| LDL (test) | less than 130 mg/dL (same in men and women) |
| Triglycerides (test) | 20-180 mg/dL (same in men and women) |
| Tests used to determine risk for coronary artery disease | Total cholesterol; HDL; LDL and triglycerides |
| Three types of diabetes | Type 1 (diabetes mellitus); Type 2 (diabetes insipidous); Gestational diabetes |
| Type 1 (diabetes mellitus) | Juvenile onset usually diagnosed by age 25; insulin dependent since the body fails to produce any insulin on its own |
| Type 2 (diabetes insipidous) | Adult onset usually after age 40; often regulated by diet and exercise; may result in need for medicine to regulate since there is insulin resistance (tissues and cells reject body's own insulin) |
| Gestational diabetes | Begins during pregnancy during 2nd or 3rd trimester; usually subside after delivery but can be an indicator for type 2 diabetes later on in life |
| Three possible appearances of serum | Icteric; Lipemic and Hemolyzed |
| Icteric | Deep yellow-orange color due to presense of bilirubin |
| Lipemic | Milky/cloudy color due to presence of lipids (fats); could indicate coronary heart disease (CHD) or lipid metabolism disorder |
| Hemolyzed | Pink/red color due to processing errors, hemolytic disease or hemolysis (destruction of RBCs) has occured |
| Plasma | Liquid portion of whole blood minus formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, Thrombocytes) |
| Serum | Liquid portion of plasma once solutes (proteins, lipids, gases, glucose, electrolytes) have settled after centrifuging |
| Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) | Screening test for syphillis |
| In blood typing, if a patient's blood has a positive reaction (clumps) when Anti-B serum is added, what blood type is the patient? | Type B |
| If blood glucose test results are 140 mg/dL what is indicated? | Hyperglycemia since values are higher than normal range |
| What test should be performed regularly for a Pt on anticoagulant therapy (blood thinners)? | PT/INR |
| If hemostasis is disrupted what might occur? | Increase or decrease in related chemicals or hormones |
| What are necessary components of laboratory test methods? | Record keeping, QC and QA |
| What special procedures is required when drawing arterial blood gases? | Specimen must be put on ice |
| Three tests you would see in a hepatic profile | Total and direct bilirubin, ALT., AST. |
| What test would be used to determine the damage to muscle related to Pt with symptoms of MI and increased CPK? | CPK-MB |
| Before collecting a specimen for FBS (fasting blood sugar), what should you confirm first? | Pt has fasted for 8-12 hours otherwise test results will mean nothing |
| Before beginning GTT, the Pt should… | Eat diet high in carbs 3 days prior, fast and refrain from smoking after midnight prior to testing |
| When administering a glucose supplement during a GTT you should… | test fasting specimen prior to administering glucose supplement, chill glucose supplement and determine flavor preference |
| Symtoms of hypoglycemia | Headache, senseless speech, perspiration and irrational behavior |
| Possible condition related to decreased amylase (enzyme for breaking up carbs) | Cirrhosis |
| Tumor marker for colorectal cancer | CEA |
| Most common cause of peptic ulcers | Helicobacter pylori |
| What determines a persons blood type | Antigens |
| In blood typing, what reaction takes places when you combine antigen on red cells with antibody of test serum? | Agglutination -- clumping of red cells |
| A positive result of drug testing must be | Confirmed using more precise tests |
| Chain of custody | Ensures validity of a specimen for drug testing |
| Type A | Antigen "A"; Antibody "B" |
| Type B | Antigen "B"; Antibody "A" |
| Type AB | Antigen "A" & "B"; No Antibody present |
| Type O | No Antigens present; Both Antibody "A" & "B" |
Created by:
monkmaroni
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