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A&P Chapter 6, 7 & 8
Bone, Skelatal & Joints
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epiphysis | The head of each of the long bone |
| Articular Cartilage | Covers the epiphysis; eases the movement of the bone with in the joint (the layer of hyaline cartilage) |
| Diaphysis | Hollow cylinder made of compat bone, gives the bone strength; central shaft like portion of long bone |
| Periosteum | Dense, fibrous membrane cover the diaphysis, some fibers penetrate the bone, some weave together with fibers of tendons to ensure strong connection between muscle & bone |
| Medullary Cavity | The central hollow cavity in the bone |
| Greenstick Fracture | A fracture that is incomplete, usually occurs in young children |
| Comminuted Fracture & Cause | When's the bone is broken into several pieces; usually occurs in car accidents |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine, most often in the thoracic region |
| Kyphosis | "Hunchback" exaggerated thoracic curvature |
| Lordosis | "Swayback" exaggerated lumbar curvature |
| Scapula | Shoulder blade (lies over ribs 2-7) |
| Acromion process | Extension of the scapula; articulates with the clavicle |
| Radius | One of the two bones in the lower arm located on the same side as the thumb |
| Proximal head | Distinctive disc that rotates on the humerus when the palm is turned forward & back |
| Humerus | Long bone of the upper arm |
| Radial tuberosity | Where the bicep muscle attaches to the bone |
| Muscular fiber | Skelatal muscle cell |
| Epimysium | Surrounds the muscle as a whole & binds all the muscles fibers together |
| Muscle tone | Continuous state of partial contraction |
| Threshold | Minimum voltage needed to cause a muscle fiber to contract |
| Prime movers | Main muscle triggering movement |
| Synergists | Muscles that assist prime movers |
| Antagonist | Muscles balancing movements |
| Atrophy | Lack of muscle use causing the muscle to shrink |
| Frontalis | Raises the eyebrows when glancing upward or when showing surprise |
| Sternpocleidomastoid | Flexes the head (located on side of neck) |
| Rectus abdominals | Flexes the lumbar region of the spinal column to cause bending forward at the waist (extends from the sternum to pubic bone) |
| Transverse abdominis | Compresses the contents of the abdomen |
| Deltoid | Abducts, flexes & rotates the arm, involved in swinging the arm (bowling or walking) |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Addicts the humerus; extends the upper arm backwards (swimming or rowing) |
| Brachialis | Prime mover when flexing the forearm |
| Biceps brachii | Assist the brachial is when flexing the forearm; also flexes the elbow & supinate a the forearm |
| Triceps brachii | Prime mover when extending the forearm (Angel wings) |
| Brachioradialis | Helps the brachialis & the biceps flex the forearm |
| Lliopsoas | Flexes the thigh |
| Sartorius | Longest muscle in the body; Aids in flexion of the hip & knee |
| Vastus Lateralis & Vastus Medialis | 2 of the 4 muscles that act together with the quadriceps femoris |
| Quadriceps Femoris | The most powerful muscle in the body; is the prime mover for knee extension |
| Gluteus Maximus | The bulkiest muscle in the body; produces the backswing of the leg when walking |
| Gastrocnemius | Bulging calf muscle (the more superficial muscle) |
| Head | Prominent expanded end of bone |
| Trochanter | Large process; found only in the femur |
| Foramen | A round opening, usually a passageway for vessels and nerves |
| Meatus | Tube-like opening |
| Condyle | Round knob; usually fits into a fossa on another bone to form a joint |
Created by:
tandkhopkins
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