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Module 1&2 A&P
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anatomy | The Study of the structures of the body. |
Physiology | The study of how the body functions. |
Organization of the body | Ranges from simple to complex. |
Epithelial Tissue | Covers or lines body surfaces. |
Connective tissue | Connects and supports parts of the body; some transports and stores minerals |
Muscle Tissue | Contracts to produce movement. |
Nerve Tissue | Generates and transmits impulses to regulate body functions. |
Integumentary system (Skin, Hair, Nails) | Key Functions: Protection, Temperature regulation, Water retention, Sensations. |
Skeletal System (Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments) | Key Functions: Protection of body organs, Support, Movement, Blood formation. |
Muscular System (Primarily skeletal muscles) | Key Functions: Movement, Posture, Heat productions. |
Lymphatic Systems (Lymph nodes,lymphatic vessels,lymph, thymus, spleen, and tonsils) | Key Functions: Role in fluid balance, Production of immune cells, Defense against disease. |
Respiratory System ( Nose, pharynx,larynx, trachea,bronci, and lungs) | Key Functions: Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid-base balance, speech) |
Urinary System ( Kidneys, ureters,urinary bladder, and Urethra) | Key Functions: Excretion of waste, regulation of blood volume and pressure, control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. |
Nervous System ( Brain, spinal cord, and sense organs) | Key Functions: Control, regulation and coordination of other systems, Sensation, Memory. |
Endocrine System ( Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other organs) | Key Functions: Hormone Production, Control and regulation of other systems. |
Circulatory System | Key Functions: Distribution of oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, immune cells,electrolytes,and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance |
Digestive System | Key Function: Breakdown and absorption of nutrients; elimination of waste |
Female Reproductive System | Key Functions: Production of eggs, birth, fetal site, lactation, secretion of sex hormones |
Anatomical Position | Standing erect with arms at sides and with face, palms, and feet facing forward |
Superior | Above |
Inferior | Below |
Anterior | Towards the front of the body |
Posterior | Towards the back of the body |
Proximal | Closest to the point of orgin |
Distal | Farthest from the point of orgin |
Medial | Towards the body midline |
Superficial | At or near the body's surface |
Deep | Away from the Body's surface |
Negative Feedback | When the effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change. |
Kinetic Energy | Energy in motion |
Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions in the body |
Anabolism | Building larger and more complex chemicals from smaller subunits |
Factors that affect reaction rate | Temperature, concentration, catalyst |
Mixture | 2 or more substances blend together rather than chemically combine |
Compound | 2 or more elements combine to create a new subsance |
Soultion | Consist of particles of matter dissolved in a more abundant substance, usually water. |
Colloid | Can change from liquid to gel |
Suspension | Contain large particles, making the suspension cloudy or opaque |
The more hydrogen produced....... | The stronger the acid |
PH Scale | The acidity or alkalinity of the substance. Scale ranges from 0-14. |
Ph of Blood | 7.35-7.45 |
Four major organic compound groups: | Carbohydrates, lipid,proteins, nucleic acid |
Organic | Vast array pf compounds that contain carbon |
Carbohydrates | The body's main source of energy |
Essential amino acids | Eight amino acids must be obtained from food |
Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA |
In ATP when energy is released... | Bonds are broken through chemical reactions |