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Chapter 5
Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| integumentary system functions | protection, body temperature regulation, blood resevoir and excretion |
| if body temperature is normal and unnoticable sweating is occuring, ___ perspiration occurs | insensible |
| ___ perspiration occurs when body temperature rises, noticeable sweating occurs | sensible |
| the skin secretes natural antbiotics called: | defensins |
| the epidermis is made up of ___ tissue | stratified squamous epithelium |
| what is the outermost protective shield of body? | epidermis |
| epidermis has 5 layers called | stratum basale, stratum spinsoum, stratum granulosom, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
| which layer is only found in thick skin? | stratum lucidum |
| melanin is produced in the stratum ___ layer | basale |
| the deepest epidermis layer attached to dermis is called the | stratum basale |
| the stratum basale has a single row of __ cells | mitotic |
| the cell appearance changes in the stratum ___ layer | granulosum |
| what happens in stratum granulosum layer? | keratinization begins, nuclei and organelles disintegrate and cells flatten |
| keratinization helps: | form keratin |
| there are no hair follicles in this layer: | stratum lucidum |
| this is known as the horny layer ___ | stratum corneum |
| which layer is 20 to 30 rows of dead flattened cells? | stratum corneum |
| tactile (merkel) cells are | sensory touch receptors |
| dendritic (langerhans) cells are | macrophages - which is key activator to immune system |
| keratinocytes are tightly connected by ___ | desmosomes |
| ___ are most cells of the epidermis | keratinocytes |
| the dermis is composed of ___ tissue | dense irregular connective |
| the dermis contains: | nerve fibers, blood, lyphatic vessels, hair follicles, oil and sweat glands |
| cells in the dermis | macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells and leukocytes |
| 2 layers of dermis: | papilary and reticular layer |
| dermal papillae contains: | mesisners corsuscles (touch receptors) and free nerve ending (pain receptors) |
| hypodermis is also known as the | subcutaneous layer |
| the ___ helps insulate and regulate body temperature | hypodermis |
| 3 pigments that contribute to skin color: | carotene, melanin and hemoglobin |
| carotene | yellow to orange pigment - most noticeable in palms and soles |
| ___ is the only pigment made in skin | melanin |
| __ can be converted to vitamin A for vision | carotene |
| hemoglobin | pinkish hue of fair skin |
| cyanosis | low oxygen - blue skin color |
| erythema | hypertension, inflammation, allergy - redness |
| anemia, low blood pressure, fear or anger - pale skin color | pallor |
| jaundice | liver disorder - yellow cast |
| clotted blood beneath skin - black or blue marks | bruises |
| malignant means: | cancerous |
| benign is: | non cancerous |
| most skin cancers are ___ and do not metastasize | benign |
| risk factors of cancer | overexposure to UV radiation, frequent irritation of skin |
| least malignant & most common type of skin cancer: | basal cell carcinoma - base layer of epidermis |
| the more melanin you have , your body can absorb ___ UV rays | more |
| squamous cell carcinoma | 2nd most common type of skin cancer - does metastasize |
| melanoma is the cancer of ___ | melanocytes |
| ___ is the most dangerous and highly metastatic cancee | melanoma |
| ___ is resistant to chemo | melanoma |
| key to survival of melanoma is: | early detection |
| edema means: | swelling |
| ___ carcinoma is removed surgically and treated by radiation | squamous cell carcinoma |
| ____ burns involve epidermal damage only | 1st degree |
| redness, swelling and pain are all signs of___ | 1st degree burns |
| 2nd degree burns involves the: | epidermal and dermal layer |
| a sign of a 2nd degree burn is often: | blistering |
| 1st and 2nd degree burns are known as ___ burns | partial thickness |
| 3rd degree burns are ___ burns | full thickness |
| 3rd degree burns involves | the entire thickness of skin - blackened, gray or white color |
| skin gafting is usually involved in this type of burn: | 3rd degree |
| 3rd degree burns are not painful b/c: | the nerve endings are destroyed and swollen |
| why does the hair turn gray/white? | melanin production decreases and air bubbles replace melanin in hair shafts |
| hairs on the scalp guards the head against: | physical trauma, heat loss and sunlight |
| ___ determines the condition, and how much fluid has to be replaced | rules of nines |
| __ and __ affect hair growth | nutrition & hormones |
| associated with each hair follicle is a bundle of smooth muscle cells called: | arrector pili |
| ___ is resposible for goose bumps | arrector pili |
| sweat glands are a.k.a | sudoriferous glands |
| 2 types of sudoriferous glands: | eccrine (merocrine) and apocrine |
| eccrine glands secrete: | sweat |
| these glands are found in the hands, soles and forehead and are the most numerous. | eccrine |
| ___ glands function in thermoregulation | eccrine |
| apocrine glands secretion is: | sweat + proteins + fatty acids |
| apocrine glands lie deeper in the __ | dermis |
| this glands begins functioning at puberty | apocrine |
| apocrine glands are odorless until: | bacterial interaction - causes body odor |
| what are the 2 modified apocrine glands? | mammary and ceruminous |
| ceruminous glands secrete: | earwax |
| mammary glands secrete: | milk |
| sebacious glands secrete: | sebum (oil) |
| this gland is stimulated by hormones, especially androgens. | sebacious gland |
| what is androgens? | male sex hormone |
| this gland is known for softening hair and skin | sebacious gland |
| sebum functions: | prevents hair from becoming brittle & slows water loss when external humidity is low |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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