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FERP
Final Exam Review Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolitionists | People who were against slavery |
| Adapt | To use your natural resources in order to survive in a new environment |
| Adobe Pueblo | A house made of sundried brick generally found in the desert (Anasazi) |
| Altitude | Height of land above sea level (affects how cold or warm a climate of an area might be) |
| Amendment | To fix, make corrections to, or add to a legal document |
| Anasazi | A Native America desert tribe that lived on the sides of cliffs in adobe pueblos |
| Anti-Federalists | People who want to limit the power of the federal government and give more power to the states |
| Archeology | This is the study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analyzing their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, other remains |
| Article of Confederation | The first constitution of the United States that was plagued by weaknesses |
| Aztecs | A Meso American Native American tribe that used chinampas (floating gardens) to adapt to their tropical climate |
| Bering Strait Land Bridge | A change in sea level due to glaciers created a land bridge allowing humans to migrate to North America |
| Bill of Rights | A list of rights guaranteed to all citizens of the United States that protects them for the government |
| Boycotts | To not buy a good or service as a form of protest |
| Cash Crops | Farming a surplus of plants that can be sold at market for profit (cotton, tobacco, indigo, rice) |
| Checks & Balances | The power each of the three branches of government to make sure the other branches are doing their jobs. |
| Corps of Discovery | A group of explorers hired by President Jefferson to learn about the Louisiana Territory (Lewis & Clark, Sacagawea, Zebulon Pike) |
| Cheyenne | A Native America Steppe tribe that lived in tepees on the Great Plains and use buffalo as their main resource for food, clothing & shelter |
| Civil War | A 1861-1865 war between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) over slavery |
| Climate | The weather of an area over a period of 20-100 years |
| Colony | People who settle in a distant land, but are still ruled by the government of their native land |
| Columbian Exchange | Trading goods between the Eastern & Western Hemispheres |
| Confederate States of America | During the Civil War, the South seceded from the United States and created a new country |
| Conquistadores | Spanish explorers who conquer and claim new lands in America for their mother country |
| Culture | A group of people’s way of life or A way of life shared by members of a society |
| Desert Climate | A climate known for a lack of precipitation and vegetation with high temperatures. |
| Eli Whitney | The inventor of the cotton gin and mass production during the Industrial Revolution |
| Erie Canal | In the 1820s, New York City was connected to the Great Lakes region by a man made water route in New York that allowed Steamboats to transport goods |
| Executive Branch | The part of the government that enforces the laws. (President, Governor, Mayor) |
| Export | To send goods to markets outside of a country |
| Federalism | The division of power between Federal, State and Local governments |
| French & Indian War | 1753-1763 War between the French & British in North America over land. Britain won Canada in the Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| Fugitive Slave Act | A law made it illegal to help escaped slaves & allowed slave catchers to go into the North to bring slaves back to their masters |
| Geography | The study of people, their environment, and their resources. |
| Glacier | Snow and Ice built up over thousands of years |
| Guerilla Warfare | A style of warfare with hit and run attacks used during the Revolutionary War |
| House of Representatives | The lower house of Congress based on population (Today there are 435 members) |
| Humid Continental | A climate known for four seasons, lots of precipitation and vegetation that is good for farming a large variety of crops such as strawberries, apples, corn, squash, & beans. (New York State’s Climate) |
| Humid Subtropical | A climate known for lots of precipitation and vegetation with high temperatures. Good for growing Cash Crops such as cotton & tobacco. (South’s climate) |
| Import | To bring goods into a country from foreign markets |
| Inca | A Meso American tribe found in the Andes Mountains of South America known for using terrace farming |
| Inuit | A Native American tribe found in the Arctic climate that alternates living in a pithouse and igloo. Mainly hunting marine mammals due to a lack of vegetation. |
| Irrigation | Bringing water to dry land for farming by digging ditches. The Anasazi & Hohokam tribes used this method of farming the dry desert land. |
| Iroquois | A tribe found in the Humid Continental climate of New York that lived in longhouses and farmed corn, beans and squash |
| Judicial Branch | A part of the government that interprets the laws. |
| Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to decide whether laws or acts are constitutional. |
| Latitude | A form of measurement that uses an imaginary lines that are equal distance north or south of the equator (equator, tropic of cancer, tropic of capricorn, arctic circle) |
| Legislative Branch | A part of the government that makes the laws (called Congress) |
| Longhouse | A house made of wood, sticks, and mud used by the Iroquois tribe of New York (Often hold several families) |
| Longitude | A form of measurement for that uses imaginary lines that are east or west that stretches from the North Pole to the South Pole. (Prime Meridian) |
| Louisiana Purchase | Territory purchased from France by President Jefferson for $15 million between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains |
| Loyalists | During the Revolutionary War, these were people who lived in America but wanted to stay part of Britain |
| Manifest Destiny | A belief that it is “God’s Will” that the United States expand its territory west (from coast to coast) |
| Mayans | A Meso American tribe in Mexico that lived in a tropical climate. In order to farm on an island in a lake they used chinampas or floating gardens. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory that a nation should export more goods than it imports |
| Middle Passage | A trade route that brought slaves from Africa to America. Part of Triangle Trade |
| Minutemen | Members of the colonial militia during the Revolutionary War who were ready at a moment’s notice to fight |
| Natural Resources | These are materials humans take from the environment to survive and satisfy their needs |
| Natural Rights | According to the Declaration of Independence, everyone has natural rights which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
| Neolithic Revolution | A period of time when people got food by hunting for meat and gathering nuts & berries |
| Northwest Ordinance | A law that created a government, and made slavery illegal in the western territories. Created a way for territories to become states |
| Paleolithic Era | A period of time when people got food by hunting for meat and gathering nuts & berries |
| Patriot | People during the American Revolution who wanted to become an independent nation separate from Britain |
| Primary Source | A first person resource from history (newspaper or diary of a person who lived at the time of event) |
| Quipu | A device made of yarn that uses knots to represent an amount of something (used by the Inca) |
| Religious Freedom | The ability to practice your religion without fear of persecution |
| Religious Tolerance | Allowing others to practice their religion even if you do not agree with it |
| Revolutionary War | A 1776-1783 war between the British and American colonists |
| Saratoga | The turning point of the Revolutionary War when the Americans started winning the war against the British |
| Sectionalism | A feeling of loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole (North, Midwest, South) |
| Senate | The upper house of the Congress based on equality so each state gets 2 representatives |
| Separation of Powers | The division of the governments powers between the three branches so that no one branch gets too powerful |
| Slavery | The forcing of a human being to do labor without pay. (Treated as property/ generational) |
| Smuggling | To illegally bring goods into a country (colonists smuggled tea into America to avoid paying a tax) |
| Stamp Act | A law passed by the British to tax the American colonists in order to repay war debt from the French & Indian War (Americans: “No taxation without representation”) |
| Steppe | A climate found in the American Great Plains that is characterized by little precipitation, little vegetation and few natural resources. |
| Surplus | When there is extra food, it can be traded for other goods that are needed. |
| Terrace | Crops grown on a flat step-like field on the side of a mountain (Inca used this) |
| Total War | A type of warfare that uses any means necessary to win. (Burning homes & crops, attacking civilians, destroying railroad & telegraph lines) |
| Triangle Trade | A colonial trade route between the Americas, Africa, and England to exchange goods with the Mother Country. |
| Tropical Climate | A climate found in Florida & Hawaii with lots of precipitation, vegetation and high temperatures. Good for growing foods such as oranges, coconuts & pineapples |
| Arctic Tundra Climate | A climate found at the northern most part of Alaska characterized by extremely cold temperatures all year round which produces glaciers (polar bears live here) |
| Underground Railroad | A network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape north |
| Union | The name of the Northern army during the Civil War that was fighting to end slavery and keep the sections together |
| Urbanization | When people move from farms to cities to work in factories |
| Yorktown | The last battle of the Revolutionary War which convinced the British to surrender |
| 49er's | People who migrated to California in 1849 during the gold rush |
Created by:
krhinehart
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