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ALH Chapter 6
Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bilirubin | orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by the liver cells to form it ________ and eventually excreted in the feces |
| bolus | mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed |
| exocrine | gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel |
| sphincter | circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
| triglycerides | organic compound,a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids |
| bucca | cheeks |
| dentin | main structure of the tooth |
| pulp | innermost part of tooth. Contains nerves and blood vessels |
| gingiva | gums |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| papillae | rough projections on surface of the tongue. contain the taste buds |
| epiglottis | covers the trachea during swallowing |
| first part of small intestine | duodenum |
| second part of small intestine | jejunum |
| third part of small intestine | ileum |
| gloss | tongue |
| linguo | tongue |
| cheilo | lip |
| labio | lip |
| dento | teeth |
| odonto | teeth |
| gingivo | gums |
| sial | saliva |
| esophago | esophagus |
| pharyngo | pharynx |
| pylor | pylorus |
| duodeno | duodenum |
| jejun | jejunum |
| ileo | ileum |
| appendo | appendix |
| appendic | appendix |
| colo | colon |
| colono | colon |
| sigmoid | sigmoid colon |
| rect | rectum |
| procto | anus |
| ano | anus |
| pancreato | pancreas |
| hepato | liver |
| cholangio | bile vessel |
| chole | bile |
| cholecysto | gallbladder |
| choledocho | bile duct |
| emesis | vomit |
| iasis | abnormal condition |
| megaly | enlargement |
| orexia | appetite |
| pepsia | digestion |
| phagia | swallowing, eating |
| prandial | meal |
| rrhea | discharge |
| dia | through, across |
| peri | around |
| sub | under, below |
| asymptomatic | no symptoms |
| Ulcer | circumscribed open sore on the skin or mucous membranes of the body |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammation of the colon. |
| hernia | protrusion of any organ, tissue or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained |
| inguinal hernia | hernia in the groin |
| umbilical hernia | protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel |
| hiatal hernia | lower part of the esophagus and the top of the stomach slides through an opening in the diaphragm into the thorax |
| mechanical obstruction | when intestinal contents are prevented from moving forward due to an obstacle or barrier that blocks the lumen |
| non-mechanical obstruction | peristalsis is impaired and the intestinal contents cannot be propelled through the bowel. |
| volvolus | intestinal twisting |
| hemorrhoids | enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
| hepatitis | inflammatory condition of the liver |
| diverticulosis | small, blisterlike pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall |
| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix usually due to obstruction or infection |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine |
| cachexia | physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with AIDS and cancer |
| cholelithiasis | presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct |
| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
| colic | spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon accompanied by pain |
| Crohn disease | form of inflammatory bowl disease usually of the ileum but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract |
| dysentery | inflammation of the intestine that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea |
| dysphagia | inability or difficulty swallowing |
| eructation | producing gas from the stomach, usually with the characteristic sound, burping |
| fecalith | fecal concretion |
| flatus | farting |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | acid reflux |
| halitosis | foul-smelling breath |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| irritable bowel syndrome | abdominal pain and altered bowel function with no cause |
| malabsorption syndrome | impaired passage of nutrients, minerals or fluids through intestine |
| melena | passage of dark colored stool due to the presence of blood |
| obstipation | severe constipation which may be caused by intestinal obstruction |
| oral leukoplakia | formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused by irritation |
| pyloric stenosis | stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine |
| regurgitation | backward flowing from the stomach to the mouth |
| steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces dues to failure to digest and absorb it |
| bariatric surgery | to treat obesity |
Created by:
Gianna B
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