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liver path
liver pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hepatocellular carcinoma | associated with pre-existing cirrhosis especially HBV, aflotoxin, increased alpha feto protein |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | not associated with HBV, origionates from intrahepatic biliary epithelium |
| hemangiosarcoma | associated with toxic exposure to polyvinyl chloirde, thorotrast and arsnic |
| hemiangioma | most common benign tumor |
| adenoma | asoociated with oral contraceptives, may rupture and cause intraperitoneal bleeding |
| pre hepatic HTN | caused by portal and splenic vein obstruction |
| Intrahepatic HTN | caused by cirrhosis/tumors |
| posthepatic HTN | congestion in distal hepatic veins, CHF, constrictive pericarditis |
| inborn errors of metabolism that cause liver disease | apha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, galactosemia, and glycogen storage diseases |
| Wilson diesease | characterized by decreased serum ceruloplasmin, manifests as liver disease and invovles basal ganglia, marked by Kayser-Fleisher ring |
| hereditary hemochromatosis | defect in iron avsorption resulting cirrhosis, diabetes, and increased pigmentation. Marked increased serum iron and decreased TIBC |
| secondary hemochromatosis | caused by multiple transfusions and inefective erythropoiesis |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | most likely autoimmune, anti-mitochonddial antibodies, characterized by severe obstructive jaundice, itching and hpercholesterolemia |
| secondary biliary cirrhosis | cuased by extrahepatic obstruction |
| clinical manifestations on alcoholic cirrhosis | jaundice, hypoalbumineamia, coagulation factor deficienceis, hyperestrinism |
| consequense of increased portal venous pressure | esophageal varices, rectal hemorrhoids, periumbilical venous collaterals, splenomegaly |
| Reye syndrome | acute disorder of young children characterized by encephalopathy, coma, and microvesicular fatty liver, associated with aspirin administration with acute viral infections |
| Chronic hepatits | may result from any viral hepatide except A&E, msy be autoimmune marked by anti smooth muscle antibodies |
| Hepatitis E | enterically transmitted water bourn. not associated with chronic hepatitis |
| HDV | replicatively defective, requires simultaneous infection with HBV, transmission sexual or parenteral |
| HCV | transmitted parenterally, often leads to carrier state and chronic hepatitis, frequectly associated with carcinoma |
| HBV | transmitted via parenteral,sexual and vertical routes, associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, can result in carrier or chronic hep. |
| HAV | fecal oral transmission, does not cause carrier state or chronic hepatitis |
| Dubin-Johnson syndrome | conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, discoloration of liver, caused by defective bilirubin transport |
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome | unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by a deficiency of glucuronlyl transferase |
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome | leads to kernicterus but may respond to phenobarbital therapy |
| Gilbert Syndrome | common, elevated nconjugated bilirubin, no clinical consequences |
Created by:
swohlers
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