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Heart
Anatomy / EXCI 254
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| volume of blood pumped per day | 14,000 L |
| rate of blood circulation at rest | 5 L / dat |
| What are the layers of the heart? | 1) Fibrous layer 2)Outer parietal pericardium (serous) 3) Inner visceral pericardium (serous) |
| Space between 2 serous layers? | Pericardial cavity |
| Fluid build-up in heart cavity? | Cardiac tamponade |
| Outermost layer of heart wall | Epicardium (visceral pericardium) |
| Cardiac muscle tissue | Myocardium |
| Innermost cardiac layer | Endocardium |
| Features of Endocardium | 1) Smooth lining of chambers 2) covers valves of heart 3) continuous with endothelial lining of large blood vessels |
| Vessels through Right Atrium | 1) Superior Vena Cava 2) Inferior Vena Cava 3) Coronary Sinus |
| Valves of right ventricle? | 3cuspid valve and pulmonary semilunar valve |
| Valves of left ventricle? | 2cuspid/mitral valves and aortic semilunar valve |
| Origin of coronary artery | base of ascending aorta |
| left coronary artery | 1) supplies both ventricles 2) supplies left atrium |
| Right coronary artery | supplies both ventricles |
| posterior coronary veins | 1)small cardiac vein 2) coronary sinus 3) middle cardiac vein |
| anterior coronary veins | 1) anterior cardiac vein 2) great cardiac vein |
| Phase of contraction | Systole |
| Phase of relaxation | Diastole |
| S1 | "Lubb" = closing of AV valves, beginning of ventricular systole |
| S2 | "Dupp" = closing of semilunar valves, end of ventricular systole |
| S3 | Ventricular filling |
| S4 | Atrial systole |
| Inhibit speed of contraction | ANS, vagus nerve |
| pattern of conduction of the heart | SA node - AV node - His - Purkinje fibers |
| location of SA node | Right atrium, inferior to superior vena cava |
| location of AV node | Atrioventricular septum |
| location of bundle of His | interventricular septum |
| SA versus AV conduction | SA = same-time contraction between atria while AV = delay between atria and ventricles |
| responsible for contraction of ventricular myocardium | Purkinje fibers |
| circulation of deoxygenated blood | right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - right/left pulmonary arteries - capillaries around alveoli |
| When does heart develop | 3rd week of gestation |
| original tissue of heart | mesoderm |
| Development of endothelial tubes | truncus arteriosus - bulbus cordis - ventricle - atrium - sinus venosus |
| first heartbeat | day 22 |
| changes in pregnancy | 30%+ stroke volume, cardiac output 30%+, HR + 15%, blood volume +50% |
| becomes the Ligamentum Venosum | Ductus Venosus |
| becomes the Ligamentum Arteriosum | Ductus Arteriosus |
| becomes the medical umbilical ligament | Umbilical Arteries |
| becomes Ligamentum Teres | Umbilical Vein |
| structures necessary to fetal circulation | placenta, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale |
| Innervation to SA node | parasympathetic |
| slowing of the heatbeat | bradycardia |
| acceleration of the heartbeat | tachycardia |
| extends the circumference of the heart, separates atria and ventricles | coronary sulcus |
| left coronary artery branches into: | anterior a. and circumflex a. |
Created by:
Schnee
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