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ALH Chapter 15
Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| limbic system | controls basic emotions and important role in memory |
| neurilemma | additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cels and found only on axons in PNS. Pathway for possible neuron regeneration post injury |
| neurons | transmit impulses |
| dendrites | carry impulses to cell body |
| axons | carry impulses from cell body |
| Schwann cells | PNS |
| Neuroglia | support neurons. Connect neurons. Supply nutrients and O2 |
| Astrocytes | 3D mechanical support for neurons. Create blood-brain barrier |
| Oligodendrocytes | develops myelin sheath in CNS |
| Microglia | phagocytic properties during infection |
| Ependyma | line fluid-filled cavities. Assist in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in CNS |
| encephalo | brain |
| encephalo | brain |
| glio | glue |
| lepto | thin, slender |
| lexo | word, phrase |
| myelo | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| narco | stupor, numbness, sleep |
| radiculo | nerve root |
| sthen | strength |
| theco | sheath |
| tono | tension |
| -algesia | pain |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -esthenia | feeling |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| -taxia | order, coordination |
| pachy | thick |
| dyskinesia | involuntary movement |
| radiculopathy | inflammation of nerve root. Pressure applied to nerve root, tingling, numbness, weakness, radiating pain |
| cerebrovascular disease | functioning abnormality of the cerebrum aka stroke |
| ischemic stroke | narrowing of arteries in brain. brain tissue begins to die |
| intracerebral hemmorrhage | sudden rupture of an artery within the brain |
| subarachnoid hemmorrhage | blood released into space surrounding the brain. ruptured aneurysm |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | stroke symptoms that resolve within 24 hours |
| thrombolytic | clot buster |
| seizure disorder | sudden changes in behavior/consciousness as a result of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain. |
| epilepsies | chronic/reoccurring seizures |
| aura | warning signal before seizure |
| partial seizures | part of brain affected. repetitive unusual movements, confusion, and short loss of consciousness |
| generalized seizure | entire brain involved. |
| tonic-clonic seizure | aka gran mal seizure. entire body rigid, uncontrolled jerking, |
| status epilepticus | tonic-clonic seizures follow one after the other without a recovery period |
| Parkinson disease | affects portion of brain responsible for movement. |
| MS | inflammation, hardening and loss of myelin. tremors, muscle weakness, bradykinesia |
| Alzheimer disease | plaques develop in cerebral cortex. disrupt the passage of electrochemical signals between cells. Memory loss and mental deterioration |
| psychosis | severe loss of contact with reality. Delusions, hallucinations |
| neurosis | caused by emotion experienced in the past that overwhelmingly interferes of affects present emotion. phobias, hysterias, OCD |
| Primary Intracranial tumors | intracranial tumors that originate directly in brain tissue. personality changes common, headaches, swelling of optic disk |
| agnosia | inability to comprehend senses |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement |
| Gullain-Barre syndrome | autoimmune. causes acute inflammation of peripheral nerves. Myelin sheaths destroyed. decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness |
| herpes zoster | eruption of highly painful vesicles on trunk of body or face |
| Huntington chorea | inherited disease of CNS. Quick involuntary movement, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration |
| hydrocephalus | fluid in the brain |
| anencephaly | some or all of fetal brain is misssing |
| palsy | paralysis, usually partial and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor. |
| Bell palsy | facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the 7th cranial nerve |
| paresthesia | sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling or heightened sensitivity |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of grey matter of spinal cord caused by a virus. spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis |
| Reye syndrome | acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of brain, liver, and maybe pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen and lymph nodes. Caused by aspirin during childhood |
Created by:
Gianna B
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