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Pathology 7 and 8
Pathology 7 and 8 Hemodynamics and Coagulability
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dependant edema is assosiated with what | Right heart faliure |
| Independant edema is associated with what | left hear faliure |
| What is another term for generalized edema | anasarca |
| Name the three forms of cerebral edema | vasogenic, cytotoxic, and interstitial |
| What cuases vasogenic edema | vessel obstruction |
| what causes cytotoxic edema | faliure of the Na/K pump |
| What causes interstital edema | blocking transepyndymal flow |
| What are heart faliure cells | hemosiderin-laden macrophages that exist in the pulmonary space and are caused by left heart faliure |
| lowering cardiac output will do what to Renin system | increase its activity |
| Is hyperemia a active or passive process | active |
| when do you typically see hyperemia | excercise or inflammation |
| Define congestion | blockage of blood leaving the tissue, passive, and decreases effective perfusion |
| A hemmorage that is 1-2mm, caused by increased vascular pressure or a deficency in clotting factor | Petechiae |
| What is a purpura | basically a bigger version of a petechiae but measures 3mm-1cm |
| Echymosis is also reffered to as a ... | bruise |
| How big is a echymosis | 1cm-2cm |
| Echymosis with a green/blue color | bilivirdin |
| Hemosiderin in an echymosis looks what color | gold/brown |
| Define hemostasis | he process of producing a a hemostatic plug to stop blood loss |
| Is a thrombosis too much or too little clotting | TOO MUCH |
| where is vWF released from | subendothelium ECM |
| what do you use to measure primary hemostasis | bleeding time |
| Do you find normal or prolonged PT and PTT times in primary hemostasis | normal |
| What is the normal range for platlets | 150,000 to 400,000 |
| What effect do corticosteroids have on platlet count | lower platlet count |
| What is thrombocytopenia | increased destruction of platlets |
| What are the pentad of symptoms in thrombocytopenia | fever, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, nuerological symptoms, and renal faliure |
| Spontaneous bleeding and hemarthosis are symptoms of what | Von Wildebrans |
| In patients with Von Wilbebrans will PTT be prolonged | YES |
| Desmopressin (ADH analog) is used to treat what | Von Wildebrans |
| Mutation in VIII | Hemophilia A |
| Mutation in IX | Hemophilia B |
| are hemophilias x-linked | yes |
| Secondary hemostasis is concerned with which part of clotting | tissue factor, part of epithelium |
| In secondary hemostasis which lab value are you looking at to be prolonged | PTT |
| What other two problems could cause problems in clotting | Low Vit K and liver disease |
| PT is a measure of which pathway | extrinsic |
| PTT is a measure of which pathways | intrinsic |
| What is fibrinolysis | the breakdown of the clot that has formed |
| What causes fibrinolysis | plasmin |
| What does plasmin cleave a fibrin clot into | FSP (fibrogen split products) |
| What effect do FSP's have on coagulation | anticoagulative |
| 3 major prothrobotic factors | vWF, TISSUE FACTOR, and Antifibrolytic: Plasmin activator inhibitor (PAI) |
| 4 major antithrombic factors | Intact endothelium, anticogaulatives (heparin), TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor), and fibrinolytic molecules (tPA) |
| 3 natural anticoagulants | Proteins C and S, TFPI, and antithrombins |
| How does calmodiulin work | inhibtis the use of Vit K in the coagulation pathway |
| How does heparin work | binds to antithrombin molecules, stops fibrin production, and thus no clots are formed |
| Name the three factors in Virchows triad of thrombosis | endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulation |
| what is PAI and what does it do | Plasminogen activator inhibtor, acts to stop the production of plasmin, and thus blocks clots from being broken down |
| What causes alerations to the endothelium of arteries/viens | hypertension, turbulent flow, and inflammation |
| Name four causes of congestion | Inactivity, hyperviscosity, sickle cell, and leukemia |
| What are athlerosclerotic plagues, aneurisms, vavular disease, and atrial fibrillation a cuase of | turbulent blood flow |
| What is the PRIMARY cause of hypercoagulability | genetic |
| Which population is hypercoagulabity mostly seen in | older populations |
| which factor is usally a problem in hypercoagulability | V |
| Secondary hypercoagulability is also known as what | acquired |
Created by:
lowryc
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