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ALH Chapter 10
Musculoskeletal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| articulation | place of union between two or more bones, joint |
| cancellous | latticelike arrangement of bony plates occurring at the ends of long bones |
| cruciate ligaments | ligaments that cross each other, forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles |
| fleshy attachements | muscle fibers arise directly from bone |
| fibrous attachments | connective tissue fibers form a cord or strap, tendon |
| ligaments | flexible bands of fibrous tissue that are highly adapted for resisting strains and are one of the principle mechanical factors that hold bones close together |
| sutures | lines of junction between two bones especially the skull |
| fontanel | soft spot in infants |
| ankylo | stiffness, bent, crooked |
| kypho | humpback |
| lamino | lamina |
| lordo | curve, swayback |
| myelo | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| acromio | acromion (projection of the scapula) |
| brachio | arm |
| calcane | calcaneum (wrist bone) |
| carpo | carpus (wrist bone) |
| costo | ribs |
| dactyl | fingers, toes |
| metacarpo | metacarpus (hand bones) |
| metatars | metatarsus (foot bones) |
| radio | radiation, x-ray |
| spondylo | vertebrae |
| leriomyo | smooth muscle |
| rhabdo | rod-shaped (striated) muscle |
| rhabdomyo | striated muscle |
| chondro | cartilage |
| fascio | band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) |
| synovo | synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
| -asthenia | weakness, debility |
| -physis | growth |
| -porosis | porous |
| syn | union, joined together, joined |
| fracture | broken bone |
| closed (simple) fracture | bone is broken but no open wound exists |
| open (compound) fracture | broken bone and an external wound that leads to the site of fracture |
| complicated fracture | broken bone has injured an internal organ |
| comminuted fracture | bone has broken or splintered into pieces |
| impacted fracture | bone is broken and one end is wedged into the interior of another bone |
| incomplete fracture | the line of the fracture does not completely transverse the entire bone |
| greenstick fracture | the broken bone does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone. One side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent |
| Colles fracture | break at the lower end of the radius occurs just above the wrist. Causes displacement of the hand |
| hairline fracture | minor fracture in which all portions of the bone are in perfect alignment |
| pathological (spontaneous) fracture | usually caused by a disease such as neoplasm or osteoporosis |
| osteomyelitis | bone infection |
| sequestra | infected bone |
| Paget disease/osteitis deformans | chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of the bones |
| Osteoporosis | common metabolic disorder in the elderly, particularly in postmenopausal women/ over 60. decrease in bone density |
| scoliosis | C-shaped curvature of the spine |
| kyphosis | humpback/hunchback |
| lordosis | swayback/ caused by increased weight of the abdominal cavity (obesity/pregnancy) |
| arthritis | general term for many joint diseases |
| rheumatoid arthritis | systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and their related structures resulting in crippling deformities |
| osteoarthritis/degenerative joint disease | most common form of arthritis. progressive, degenerative disease that occurs when the protective cartilage at the end of the bones wear down |
| Herbeden nodes | classic bony enlargement |
| gout/gout arthritis | metabolic disease caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the blood which are deposited in joints and soft tissue near joints |
| muscular dystrophy | characterized by gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
| Duchenne dystrophy | affects children. loss of muscle function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. die before age 30 |
| myasthenia gravis | neuromuscular disorder. fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups. destruction of the receptors in the synaptic region that respond to acetylcholine. |
| ankylosis | stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass) |
| claudication | lameness, limping |
| contracture | fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, facia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
| crepitation | dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destrcution |
| ganglion cyst | fluid-filled tumor that most commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands, but may also appear in the feet |
| hemarthrosis | effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
| herniated disk | rupture of a vertebral disk's center through its outer edge and back toward the spinal canal with pressure on the adjacent spinal nerve that results in pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs |
| hypotonia | loss of muscular tones or diminished resistance to passive stretching |
| multiple myeloma | malignant tumor of plasma cells in the bone marrow |
| rickets | form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency |
| sequestrum | fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue |
| spondylolidthesis | any slipping of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it |
| spondylosis | degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
| talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side/ clubfoot |
| electromyograohy | use of electrical stimulation to diagnose the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them |
| traction | bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture |
| bursectomy | excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of the joints) |
| lamina | part of vertebral arch |
| sequestrectomy | excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) |
| synovectomy | excision of a synovial membrane |
| discography | radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium |
| lumbosacral spinal radiography | radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine |
| myelography | radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions cause by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions |
| scintigraphy | nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide |
Created by:
Gianna B
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