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ALH Chapter 12
Female Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| orifice | mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure |
| perineum | area between the vaginal orifice and the anus |
| graafian follicles | saclike structures that each contain an ovum. follicle |
| corpus luteum | small yellow mass. transformed from an empty follicle after ovulation. degenerates after the non fertile cycle |
| fimbriae | fingerlike projections that create wavelike currents in fluid surrounding the ovary to move the ovum into the uterine tube |
| fundus | upper rounded part of the uterus |
| body | central part of uterus |
| cervix | neck of the uterus. opens into the vagina |
| Bartholin glands | secrete lubrication into the orifice of the vagina during sexual excitement |
| clitoris | composed of erectile tissue, similar in structure to the penis |
| adipose tissue | enlarges the size of the breasts until they reach maturity |
| lactiferous duct | drains the milk-producing glands |
| menarche | initial menstrual period |
| parturition | birth |
| first stage of dilation | begins with uterine contractions and terminates when there is complete dilation of the cervix (10cm) |
| stage of expulsion | time from complete cervical dilation to birth of the baby |
| placental stage | afterbirth. shortly after childbirth when uterine contractions discharge the placenta from the uterus |
| cilmacteric | the period in which symptoms of approaching menopause occur |
| amni | amniotic sac |
| colpo | vagina |
| galacto | milk |
| metri | uterus |
| masto | breast |
| meno | menstruation |
| metro | uterus/womb |
| nato | birth |
| oophoro | ovary |
| perineo | perineum |
| salpingo | tube (fallopian) |
| -arche | beginning |
| -cyesis | pregnancy |
| -gravida | pregnant woman |
| -para | to bear |
| -salpinx | tube (fallopian) |
| -tocia | childbirth, labor |
| -version | turning |
| ante | before, in front of |
| puerperium | period of adjustment after childbirth during which the reproductive organs of the mother return to their normal non-pregnant state |
| dysmenorrhea | menstrual pain. treated with estrogen |
| metorrhagia | irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods/ after menopause |
| endometriosis | presence of functional endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus |
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | general term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and adjacent pelvic structures. Usually caused by bacterial infection |
| septicemia | bacteria in the blood |
| Vaginitis | localized infections and inflammation that occur from viruses, bacteria or yeast |
| candida albicans/moniliasis | yeast infection |
| mycostatics | antifungal agents |
| trichomoniasis | most common cause of sexually transmitted lower genital tract infections |
| carcinoma of the breast | breast cancer |
| nulliparous | women who have never borne children |
| atresia | congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening such as the vagina |
| choriocarcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy |
| dyspareunia | occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse |
| endocervicitis | occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse |
| retroversion | turning of an organ |
| uterine fibroids | benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus |
| abruptio placentae | premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor |
| breech presentation | common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head |
| eclampsia | most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy |
| placenta previa | obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates |
| cerclage | suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion |
| colpoclesis | surgical closure of the vaginal canal |
| conization | excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination |
| cordiocentesis | sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance |
| cryosurgery | process of freezing tissue to destroy cells |
| dilation + curettage (D&C) | widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping the uterine endometrium with a currette |
| subtotal hysterectomy | cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes remain |
| total hysterectomy | cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain |
| total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | total hysterectomy including removal of uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries |
| lumpectomy | excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surround it |
| augmentation | boob job |
| total mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin |
| modified radical mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm. most common |
| radical mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast |
| transverse rectus abdominal muscle (TRAM) flap | surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaping the abdominal tissue into a natural looking breast and suturing it into place |
| insufflation | delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction or apply medication |
| tubal | test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with CO2 |
| pelvimetry | measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be abl to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects |
| endometrial biopsy | removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study |
| Papanicolaou (Pap) test | cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination |
| hysterosalpingography (HSG) | radiography and usually fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contrast medium |
| transvaginal | ultrasound (US) of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis |
Created by:
Gianna B
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