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ALH Chapter 8
Circulatory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Leaflet | flat, leaf-shaped structure that comprises the valves of the heart and prevents backflow of blood |
| lumen | space within an artery, vein, intestine or tube |
| 3 layers of an artery | tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima |
| tunica externa | outer coat. composed of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility |
| tunica media | middle layer. smooth muscle. can alter size of lumen |
| tunica intima | thin, inner lining of the lumen of the vessel. endothelial cells. provide smooth surface |
| 3 tissue layers of the heart | endocardium, myocardium, epicardium |
| endocardium | membrane that lines 4 chambers and valves |
| myocardium | muscular layer of heart |
| epicardium | outermost layer |
| pathway of blood | superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, AV/tricuspid valve, right ventrical, SV valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, left atrium, AV/mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta, body |
| sinoatrial node | pacemaker |
| pathway of heartbeat | sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atria contracts, bundle of His (AV bundle), Purkinje fibers, ventricles |
| P wave | contraction of atria |
| T wave | recovery of ventricles |
| QRS complex | contraction of ventricle |
| systole | contraction |
| diastole | relaxation |
| Blood pressure | S/D |
| aneurysm | widened blood vessel |
| angi | vessel |
| vascul | vessel |
| arther | fatty plaque |
| embol | plug |
| hemangi | blood vessel |
| phleb | vein |
| sphygm | pulse |
| sten | narrowing |
| thromb | blood clot |
| vas | vessel |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| syncope | loss of conciousness |
| infarct | localized tissue death |
| endarterectomy | removal of plaque |
| ischemia | blockage of circulation that causes localized tissue anemia |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| two types of angioplasty | percutaneous transluminal coronary engioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves |
| varicose veins | enlarged, engorged, twisted and superficial. Valves dont function properly and fail to prevent backflow |
| myxoma | heart tumor. muscous connective tissue usually left atrium |
| fibrillation | abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of myocardium |
| heart block | interference with normal transmission of electric impulses from SA node to Purkinje fibers |
| bruit | heart murmur |
| cardiomyopathy | disease/weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function |
| coarctation | narrowing of a vessel especially the aorta |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| mitral valve prolapse | mitral valve prolapses into left atrium during ventricular contraction==> backflow of blood |
| thrombosis | blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs blood flow |
| deep vein thrombosis | blood clot develops in deep veins of body (legs and thighs) |
| cardioversion | defibrillation, low energy shocks. synced with large R waves |
| sclerotherapy | injection of chemical irritant into vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein |
| angioplasty | reopening narrowed blood vessels |
| catheter ablation | treatment for cardiac arrythmias |
| commissurotomy | surgical separation of leaflets of mitral valve which have fused together |
| AICD insertion | battery powered device. corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation |
| valvotomy | incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening. used to treat mitral stenosis (narrowing) |
| cardiac catheterization | catheter into heart to evaluate it |
| electrophysiology study | maps heart's conduction system |
| multiple-gated acquisition scan (MUGA) | detects how well heart walls move as they contract and calculates ejection rate |
| nuclear perfusion study | detects presence of CAD |
Created by:
Gianna B
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