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ALH Chapter 4
Body Structures
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chromatin | makes up chromosomes |
| Diaphragm | divides thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
| Cells have in common | membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus |
| cytology | study of cells |
| Humans have _______ genes | 31,000 |
| histology | study of tissues |
| anatomical position | body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions |
| midsagittal | median |
| coronal | frontal |
| transverse | horizontal |
| dorsal | cranial and spinal cavities |
| ventral | thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| Abduction | away from the body |
| Adduction | towards the body |
| Medial | middle |
| Lateral | side |
| superior | toward the head |
| inferior | away from the head |
| proximal | center. trunk of body |
| distal | limbs |
| anterior | front |
| posterior | back |
| parietal | outside of body |
| visceral | inside of body |
| prone | lying face down |
| supine | lying face up |
| inversion | turning inward |
| eversion | turning outward |
| plamar | palm of hand |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| supericial | toward surface of body |
| deep | away from surface of body |
| cervical spine | neck |
| thoracic spine | chest |
| lumbar spine | loin |
| sacral spine | lower back |
| coccyx spine | tailbone |
| cyto | cell |
| histo | tissue |
| karyo | nucleus |
| nucleo | nucleus |
| antero | anterior, front |
| caudo | tail |
| cephalo | head |
| disto | far, farthest |
| dorso | back of body |
| infero | lower, below |
| latero | side |
| medio | middle |
| postero | back, behind |
| proximo | near, nearest |
| ventro | belly |
| abdomino | abdomen |
| cervico | neck of |
| cranio | cranium, skull |
| gastro | stomach |
| ilio | ilium |
| inguino | groin |
| lumbo | loins, lower back |
| pelvi | pelvis |
| pelvo | pelvis |
| spino | spine |
| thoraco | chest |
| umbilico | umbilicus, navel |
| albino | white |
| leuko | white |
| chloro | green |
| chromo | color |
| cirrho | yellow |
| jaundo | yellow |
| xantho | yellow |
| cyano | blue |
| erythro | red |
| melano | black |
| polio | grey |
| acro | extremity |
| etio | cause |
| idio | unknown, peculiar |
| morpho | form, shape |
| patho | disease |
| radio | radiation |
| somato | body |
| sono | sound |
| tomo | to cut |
| viscero | internal organs |
| xero | dry |
| -genesis | form |
| -gnosis | knowing |
| -gram | record |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -logist | specialist in the study of |
| -logy | study of |
| -meter | instrument for measuring |
| -pathy | disease |
| ab | from, away |
| ad | toward |
| hetero | different |
| homeo | same |
| infra | below |
| peri | around |
| super | upper |
| trans | across |
| ultra | excess |
| symptoms are only experienced by the | patient |
| etiology | study of the cause of origin of a disease or disorder |
| idiopathic | disease with unknown cause |
| sequela | consequence of a previous disease or injury |
| adhesion | abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissues spaces |
| febrile | pertaining to a fever |
| gangrene | death and decay of soft tissue |
| hernia | protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it |
| inflammation | body defense marked by redness, swelling, heat and pain |
| mycosis | any fungal infection in or on the body |
| perforation | hole that completely penetrates a structure |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum which surrounds the body cavity |
| rupture | sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ |
| sepsis | results from microorganisms in bloodstream. |
| suppuration | producing or associated with the generation of pus |
| infusion therapy | delivery of fluid directly into the bloodstream |
| ablation | removal of a part, pathway or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency |
| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowl segments to allow flow from one to the other |
| cauterize | destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat or corrosive chemicals |
| curettage | scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument (curette) |
| incision and drainage | incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity |
| laser surgery | use of high intensity laser beam to remove tissues, stop bleeding or for cosmetic purposes |
| resection | removal of part or all of a structure, organ or tissue |
| revision | surgical procedure to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result from a previous surgery |
| assessment techniques | sequence of procedures to evaluate health status of a patient |
| inspection | general observation of patient |
| palpation | gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine specifics |
| percussion | tapping a structure to assess consistency and presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure |
| auscultation | listening to the heart, bowl, and lungs with or without a stethoscope |
| endoscopy | visual examination of a body cavity or canal using endoscope |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| organ disease panals | series of blood tests to evaluate a specific organ or disease |
| Computed tomography (CT) | x-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned |
| fluoroscopy | x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | radio waves and magnetic field to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues |
| nuclear scan | radioactive material (tracer) introduced to the body and a specialized gamma camera is used to produce images of organs and structures |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | records positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross- sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine presence of a disease |
| radiography | x-rays are passed through the body and captured on film to generate an image |
| single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | integrates a CT and a tracer injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs |
| ultrasonography | sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure |
| biopsy (bx) | removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination |
| excisional | biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed |
| incisional | biopsy in which only a small sample of lesion is removed |
Created by:
Gianna B
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