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chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is contractility? | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten the force |
| what is excitability? | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| what is extensibility? | ability to be stretched |
| what is elasticity? | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| what helps heat essential for maintenance of normal body temps. ? | muscles |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue called the ? | epimysium |
| what is another tissue located outside the epimysium? | fascia |
| composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle | perimysium |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue called the | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with what? | myofibrils |
| 1 major kinds of protein fibers | actin myofilaments |
| another major protein fiber | myosin myofilaments |
| highly ordered units are called | sacromeres |
| what is another name for a zline | disc |
| charge difference across the membrane is called | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge is called | action potential |
| what are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor meurons |
| axons enter the muscle branch. each branch connects and forms a | neuromuscular junction |
| what is near the center of the cell | synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers are called | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal is the what? | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell is the | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber is | postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynatpic terminal contains | synaptic terminal |
| secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin during contraction is called | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch |
| muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| the phenomenon is called the | all-or-none response |
| beginning of a contraction is the | lag phase |
| time of contraction is the | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes is the | relaxation phase |
| tetany | where muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| atp stands for | adenosine triphosphate |
| atp is | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| atp is produced in the | mitochondria |
| atp is short-lived and | unstable |
| adp stands for | adenosine diphosphate |
| adp is more stable than atp. T or F | T |
| high energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respirtation | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during contraction |
| 1 type of muscle contraction | isometric |
| define isometric | length of muscle does NOT change (equal distance) |
| another type of muscle contraciton | isotonic |
| define isotonic | amount of tension produced by muscles to preform metabolism |
| define muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by the body for long periods of time |
| fast twitch (chicken) | white chicken meat |
| slow twitch (chicken) | dark chicken meat |
| origin (head) | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly located | between the origin and insertion |
| define synergists | muscles that work together accomplish specific movements |
| define antagonists | muscles that work opposition to one another |
| prime mover | major role in accomplishing the movement |
| muscles are named often according to location and size. T or F | T |
| occipitofrontalis | raise the eyebrows |
| orbicularios oculi | closes the eye lid causes crow feet |
| orbicularis oris | puckers lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| chewing = | mastication |
| 4 mastication muscles | 2 ptreygoids, temporalis, masseter |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of back |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| most involved in breathing (2) | external intercostals and internal inter costals |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| dome shape muscle | aids in breathing |
Created by:
tabbykay23
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