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Chapter 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Excitability | muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original shape |
| Contractility | muscle to shorten with force |
| Epimysium | skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| Endomysium | each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| Myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres | joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| A Band | extends the length of the myosin |
| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| Action Potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to the skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromusclular Junction | Forms each branch that connects to the muscle |
| Synapse | near the center of the cell |
| Motor Unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers |
| Presynaptic Terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | the muscle fiber |
| Synaptic Vesicles | presynaptic terminal contains |
| Acetylcholine | secretes a neurootransmitter |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contgraction |
| Thresold | A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
| All-or-None Response | A phenomenon |
| Lag Phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction Phase | the time of contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | The time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated |
| Creatine Phosphate | high-energy molecule |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen |
| Oxygen Debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| Muscle Fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
| Isometric | equal distance |
| Isotonic | equal tension |
| Muscle Tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Origin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Prime Mover | one muscle playing the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crow feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheek |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscle | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Erector spinaae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| Abdominal Wall Muscles | the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate th verbal column |
| Linea Alba | tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
| Rectus Abdominis | on each side of the linea alba |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Triceps Brachii | extends the forearm |
| Biceps Brachii | flexes forearm |
| Flexor Carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor Carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor Digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Intrinsic Hand Muscles | 19 Hand Muscles |
Created by:
bayhar
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