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Anatomy Chapter 6
| term | definition |
|---|---|
| excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to original shape after being strected |
| epimysium | each skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the |
| contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue surrounding the facicle |
| fibers | fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells |
| endomysium | each fiber is surrounded by connective tissue sheath called |
| myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| actin myofilaments | resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted togetherr |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscles |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| sliding filaments mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| threshold | muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches this level called |
| all or none response | muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches this level called threshold, at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relax |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| ATP | this is needed for energy muscle for muscle contraction |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic oxygen | with oxygen |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster that it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isomeric | length of muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle tension | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by the muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast twitch | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| orbicularis oris, buccinator | kissing muscles |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter. |
| intrinsic | changes the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic | moves the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back. |
| Erector spinae | Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. |
| most involved in breathing | Internal intercostals, External intercostals |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration. |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration. |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing. |
| Dome | shaped muscle. aids in breathing |
| rectus abdominis | On each side of the linea alba is the |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior- | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Retinaculum (bracelet) | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not “bowstring” during muscle contraction. |
| flexor capri | flexes the wrist |
| extensor capri | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
| Sartorius | “tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh. |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle. |
Created by:
carlymeadows23
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