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Government 8983 S2
Semester 2 Final Study Guide Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Federal Courts | courts in the United States given jurisdiction over cases regarding issues of the entire country (ex: debates between states) |
| Original Jurisdiction | the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case |
| Indictment | a formal charge by a grand jury |
| Opinion of the Court | a written explanation of a Supreme Court decision; also, in some states, a written interpretation of a state constitution or state laws by the state's attorney general |
| Due Process Clause | Fourteenth Ammendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
| Due Process of Law | principle in the Fifth Amendment stating that the government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals |
| Freedom of Assembly | "right of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their ideas." |
| Sedition | a form of speech that has the intention to inspire people to rebel |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments of the United States Constitution |
| Shield Laws | a law that gives reporters some means of protection against being forced to disclose confidential information or sources in state courts |
| Public Opinion | the ideas and attitudes a significant number of Americans hold about issues |
| Ultimate Political Power is with who? | the people |
| Double Jeopardy | retrial of a person who was acquitted in a previous trial for the same crime |
| What is the difference between a conservative a liberal and a moderate? | a conservative liberal tends to wants to strictly follow the Constitution and interpret it literally (keeps things very traditional) and a moderate is open to non-conventional ways |
| How many levels to the Federal Court System? | 3 |
| Naturalization | a legal process by which a person is granted citizenship |
| What is the chief way the Federal government raises revenue? | income tax |
| What is Medicare? | a form of health insurance usually for the elderly or disabled (not for perfectly healthy people) |
| Who has the power to raise revenue and pass appropriations? | Legislative branch |
| Who has the power to declare war? | congress |
| What are delegated powers? | powers the Constitution grants or delegates to the national government |
| What form of government do we have (what kind of democracy)? | Republic |
| What form of government gives all the powers to the national government? | Communist/Authoritarian? |
| Who did the Founding Fathers believe should have the right to vote? | white men who owned property/land |
| About half of the state revenue for local government? | income taxes |
| Who is the father of the Constitution? | james madison |
| What powers do state governments have that national governments do not? | ratify constitutional amendments, establish local governments |
| What are the qualifications for Senator? | US citizen for 9 years, over the age of 30 and live in the state he was chosen for |
| Marbury v Madison (why was it important?) | It established judicial review |
| Conventions | a agreement between countries, but less formal than a treaty |
| Single Member Districts | one office member over a group of people |
| Petition | a request, signed by a group of people, that is presented to government when the people want a law changed or to establish a new one |
| Independent as to a Political Party | someone who unaffiliated with a political party |
| Platform | the declared policy of a political group |
| Jurisdiction as to the Courts | the extent that a court can make decisions and handle certain court cases |
| Grand Jury | 23 people that examine a court case before a verdict is given |
| Petite Jury | determines whether a person is innocent or guilty when observing a court case |
| Precinct Captain | the person that handles affairs between the public and a certain political party |
| Lieutenant Governor | next in line to the governer |
| Winner take all | when the candidate with the most votes wins the highest position |
| Article 1 (what does it describe?) | Legislative branch and the structure of congress |
| Article 2 (what does it describe?) | the roles of the executive branch |
| Article 3 (what does it describe?) | the job of the judicial branch |
| Ratification | the way to officially confirm a rule or law, usually done through a vote |
| Impeachment | charging an official of misconduct in office (if they are convicted, they are removed from office) |
| What courts derive their power from the Constitution and federal laws? | The Supreme Court |
| A trial court has what kind of jurisdiction? | original jurisdiction |
| What are people engaged in lawsuits called? | litigants |
| What is a formal accusation handed down by the grand jury called? | indictment |
| Who are the workhorses of the federal judiciary system? | district courts |
| What court is the last resort in all questions of federal law? | Supreme court |
| What is the explanation of a Supreme Court decision called? | opinion |
| What must a state have in order to take away someone's life, liberty or property? | due process of law |
| If you are registered to vote or have a drivers licence, you may be called for...? | jury duty |
| Without this freedom there would be no political parties and no interest groups to influence the action of government..? | freedom of assembly |
| If you advocate revolution, you will be punished for? | sedition |
| Labor unions have the right to,,,? | impact work hours and wages |
| Who are the keepers of this countries rights? | citizens |
| The Constitution guarantees certain basic rights in..? | The Bill of Rights |
| Newspaper reporters may be protected by...? | freedom of the press |
| The Constitution assigns the power to control immigration to..? | Congress |
| The ultimate source of political power lies with..? | the people |
| Under what rule a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime? | double jeopardy |
| Before becoming naturalized citizens, immigrants are | resident aliens |
| People who flee to another country to escape persecution or danger are called? | refugees |
| The process that grants immigrants the rights and priveledges of citizenship is called? | naturalization |
| The separation of one group of people from another larger group of people is called...? | segregation |
| What is the chief way the federal government raises revenue? | income taxes |
| What is a 12 month accounting period called? | fiscal year |
| Who has the power to raise revenue and pass appropriations? | Congress |
| What is the biggest entitlement aid? | medical aid |
| What do you call the guiding strategies and goals that direct U.S relations with other countries? | foreign strategies |
| Who does the Constitution give the power to declare war to? | the president |
| What term means protecting United States borders and territories against invasion? | national invasion protection? |
| What political philosophy means to be involved in world affairs? | neoconservative |
| How many years can a president serve in office? | 10 years |
| What system is often called a winner-takes-all system? | The electoral college |
| What term means two houses of Congress? | bicameral |
| What are the qualifications for election to the Senate? | At least 30 years old, a US citien for 9 years, and must live in the state they are being elected for |
| Poland, Mexico, and South Africa are examples of what kind of government system? | democracy |
| What was the catalyst for Poland's transition to democracy? | national security |
| What ancient greek scholar was one of the first students of government? | Aristotle |
| What are features of all the states in today's world? | They all have governments, borders and elected officials that help govern the state |
| What system of government gives all the key powers to the national government? | federal |
| What was the colonial plan for self-rule, signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims, called? | Mayflower Compact |
| Why was the Magna Carta important? | It established statutory independence and was the beginning of putting checks and balances on the government. |
| What man was known as the Father of the Constitution? | James Madison |
| Thurgood Marshall | the first African American justice on the Supreme Court |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | the first woman justice on the Supreme Court |
| Federal Courts | established by the federal government |
| Grand Jury | Normally made up of 23 jurors, and their job is examine courses before the trial takes place |
| Petite Jury | they decide the verdict in cases involving civil issues and criminal proceedings |
| Jurisdiction of the Court | the amount of authority a court has over certain issues |
| Law Clerks | the assistant to a judge that helps in writing legal opinions |
| Coalition Government | Its main purpose is to represent all political parties |
| Platform | declared policy of a certain political party |
| One-party system | when a single party has the right to government |
| Conventions | less formal than a treaty, essentially an agreement between countries regarding a certain specific issue |
| Single-member districts | one officeholder in charge of many members |
| Patronage | power to control appointments within the office |
| plurality | the number of votes registered for a candidates that did not receive the majority of votes |
| petition | a written request, usually signed by other like minded people, petitioning for a change in law or an establishment of a new law |
| third party | an individual offering their opinion on an issue they are not directly involved in |
| precinct captain | holds a high position in the political party system |
| elastic clause | "a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers." |
| appeal to Congress | going to a higher court to get a decision, rather than getting a decision from a lower ranked court |
| bankrupcy | having no more of a certain quality or resource |
| Article 1 of the Constitution | Legislative branch |
| Article 2 of the Constiution | Executive Branch |
| Article 3 of the Constitution | Judicial Branch |
| First Amendment | lists the different freedoms including; speech, religion, press and assembly |
| ratification | official confirmation |
| United States v EC Knight and Co | "Sugar Trust Case", dealt with the controlling of monopolies |
| Marbury v Madison | It was significant because it was the court case that established judicial review |
| Dred Scott v Stanford | concluded that African Americans were not considered citizens |
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