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Government Exam
Honors Government Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monarchy | government is headed by one person, such as king or queen, who exercises supreme authority. Power is inherited. Absolute monarchs have unlimited power. Two types: Absolute and Constitutional. |
| Dictatorship | a system of rule in which one person or a small group of people can hold unlimited power over government. Often power is achieved by a violent overthrow. Power is maintained by force. |
| Oligarchy | dictatorships led by small groups of people, usually members of military/economic elite (rule by few or aristocracy) |
| Direct Democracy | citizens meet regularly lin a popular assembly to discuss issues and vote for leaders. Works best in small communities. |
| Republic (Representative Democracy) | indirect form of democracy that places political decision making one step away from the people. People elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. |
| Communism | government believes in owning all means of production and eliminating private property (all things owned by government and shared by people, intention is to ensure ppl equality, gov. can become corrupt quickly) |
| Theocracy | rulers claim to represent and be directed by a set of religious ideas. |
| Anarchy | (not a gov.) the absence of government, no one is in charge, everyone is in charge |
| Purposes of Government | Ensure National Security; Maintain order; Resolve conflict; Provide services; Provide for the common good |
| authoritarian regimes | power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or small group |
| Totalitarianism | often called a dictatorship, total-control by state, led by one leader with ultimate authority. |
| Autocracy | government in which the supreme power is vested in one person |
| sovereignty | The supreme power of a state to act within its territory and control its external affairs. Includes independence from other states and freedom to establish a form of government. |
| The Force Theory | some scholars believe the state was born of force. One person or small group claimed control over an area and forced all within it to submit to their rule. |
| Evolutionary Theory | that the state developed naturally out of the early family. |
| Divine Right Theory | gives kings absolute power. This made the king answerable only to God, not the people he ruled. To disagree with the king was to disagree with God. |
| Social Contract Theory | That the state exists only to serve the will of the ppl, that they are the sole source of political pwr, and that they are free to give or to withhold that pwr as they choose. |
| social contract theory philosophers | Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau |
| Thomas Hobbes | asserted that life without government was like a war pitting each individual against the other; Only when government was established could order be brought to society; government must have great power to defend itself and compel people to obey its laws. |
| Locke | believed that in order to protect natural rights from government interference government power had to be limited, or subject to certain restrictions. |
| adam smith | economic aspect of gov. gov should not be entangled in people’s economic happenings. |
| constitution | governing document that divided, distributed, and balanced governmental power. |
| weaknesses of the articles of confederation | The national government received its power from the states, but it had no direct authority over the people. |
| Federalism | The principle in the Constitution’s blueprint under which the powers of government are distributed between the national government and state governments. |
| what allows the constitution to be an enduring document | amendments |
| what is the purpose of the bill of rights | the Constitution placed specific restraints on the power of government to take actions that violate the basic rights of citizens. They are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution concerning basic individual liberties. |
| how the supreme court applies the constitution to modern day cases | Judicial Review |
| supremacy clause | Declares that the Constitution- together with U.S. laws passed under the Constitution and treaties made by the national gov.- is “the supreme law of the land.” |
| elastic clause | Necessary and Proper Clause; gives the national legislature the power to “make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the [expressed] Powers and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United |
| Laws that are brought up by the people are brought into | the house of representatives |
| Slander | spoken defamatory statement |
| Libel | defamation in print |
| the establishment clause of first amendment | Part of the First Amendment that declares that the government cannot take actions that create an official religion or support one religion over another. |
| Senators | must pass a statewide election. representation is equal and fixed at two seats per state |
| House of Representative | members are chosen by direct popular vote; Representatives in the House of Representatives are based on population. |
| job requirements for senate | at least 30 years old, a U. S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident of the state he or she represents. |
| Job requirements for House of Representatives | at least 25 years old, a U. S. citizen for at least seven years, and a resident of the state he or she represents. |
| most powerful person in House of Representatives | Speaker of the House |
| Most powerful person in the Senate | President of the Senate (Vice President of the U.S.) |
| Political parties | Nominate people to run for elections Concerned with many issues Have to attract many people with different opinions |
| Interest groups | Support specific nominees across party lines Only concerned with specific issues Do not want members with different points of views |
| purposes and goals of interest groups | Promote economic self interests A belief in a specific value or issue |
| if interest group wants to shape public policy how would they do that -PAC? | Lobbying propaganda |
| Civil Rights | Rights of fair and equal status and treatment and the right to participate in government. |
| Civil Liberties | Basic freedoms to think and to act that all people have and are protected against government abuse. |
| grand jury | A panel of citizens set up to hear evidence of a possible crime and to recommend whether the evidence is sufficient to file criminal charges. |
| who held most of power in articles of confederation | State Government |
| separation of powers which philosopher influenced that | Baron de Montesquieu |
| Caucus | Meeting of party members who select the candidates to run for election |
| public opinion | A body of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern |
| Lobbyist | A person who contacts a public official to persuade the official to support the group’s interests |
| first amendment | Freedom of Religion, Speech, and the Press; Rights of Assembly and Petition(Rights to ask government for a redress of grievances) |
| probable cause | the reason for a search or an arrest, based on the knowledge of a crime and the available evidence |
| Felony | a more serious crime, such as murder, sexual assault, or grand theft, that carries a harsher sentence. |
| Misdemeanor | a relatively minor offense for which a person may receive a minor fine or may be imprisoned for less than a year. |
| purpose of search warrant | a document that gives police legal authority to search private property |
Created by:
laylamae
Popular American Government sets