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Yellow Module
Respiratory Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the nasal cavity | Chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia |
| What are olfactory neurons? | Receptors for the sense of smell |
| What happens to CO2 as it enters pulmonary capillaries? | It diffuses from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters alveolar spaces |
| What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe? | Contracts during inspiration Relaxes during expiration |
| What is external respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries |
| What is internal respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries |
| What is pulmonary ventilation? | breathing |
| Describe the transport of respiratory gases? | When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and O2 to body cells |
| What is the respiratory system responsible for? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 |
| What are exudates? | Fluid that is usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells |
| What are transudates? | Non-inflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein |
| What are the causes of asthma? | Allergens Irritants Stress Cold exercise |
| What are the three major disorders included in COPD? | Asthma Chronic bronchitis Emphysema |
| What is emphysema? | Characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli |
| Cystic fibrosis | A hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands |
| Rhonchus | Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation |
| Crackle | Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation; also called rale |
| Anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell |
| Pertussis | Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound |
| Tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli; aka acid-fast bacillus |
| Pneumonia | An inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc |
| Antihistamine | Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues |
| Atelectasis | Collapsed or airless state of the lung, may be acute or chronic |
| Palatine Tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx |
| Asphyxia | Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
| Pneumoconiosis | Disease caused by inhaling dust particles |
| Compliance | Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched |
| Pleural Effusion | Excess of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| Pneumectomy | Excision of a lung |
| Pleurectomy | Excision of part of the pleura |
| Viscous | Extremely thick |
| Stridor | High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound |
| Thoracic (chest) x-ray | Images of the chest taken from AP, PA and lateral views |
| Pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleural membrane |
| Mantoux test | Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity |
| Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat used to diagnose CF | Sweat test |
| Measurement of ventilator ability by assessing lung capacity and flow | Spirometry |
| Method of monitoring the percent of Hb saturated with O2 | Oximetry |
| Moving or spreading out of a substance at random | Diffuse |
| Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air | Pulmonary function tests |
| Nosebleed | Epistaxis |
| Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli | Lung scan |
| Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs | Postural drainage |
| Relieve or suppress coughing | Antitussive |
| Spasms in the bronchial passage | Bronchospasms |
| Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax and expand air passages | Bronchodilators |
| Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity | Thoracentesis |
| Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process | Carbon dioxide |
| Tasteless, odourless, colourless gas essential for human respiration | Oxygen |
| Temporary loss of breathing | Apnea |
| Test that measures PO2, PCO2, pH, and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample | Arterial blood gases |
| Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci | Throat culture |
| The innermost layer lying next to the lung | Visceral pleura |
| The outermost layer, lining the lung | Parietal pleura |
| The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure | Percussion |
| The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope | Auscultation |
| The process of providing the body with adequate amounts of oxygen | Oxygenation |
| Throat | Pharynx |
| Viable | Alive |
| Visual examination of the larynx | Laryngoscopy |
| Visual examination of the mediastinal structures | Mediastinoscopy |
| Voice box | Larynx |
| Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation | Wheeze |
| Windpipe | Trachea |
| ABG | arterial blood gases |
| AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DPI | dry powder inhaler |
| DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
| FVC | forced vital capacity |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
| Hx | history |
| IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| MDI | metered-dose inhaler |
| NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
| O2 | oxygen |
| PFT | pulmonary function tests |
| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TPR | temperature pulse respiration |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| VC | vital capacity |
Created by:
brigitte1112
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