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Chapter 23
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Red Shirts | The guerrilla army of Garibaldi who fought to unify Italy |
Crimean War | War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire that Russia lost and showed it that it was behind industrially and militarily |
Bloody Sunday | Massacre in St. Petersburg in 1905 in which Russian protesters were shot by guards |
October Manfesto | Declaration by Tsar Nicholas II granting a constitution and creating a Duma after Bloody Sunday |
Duma | Russian Parliament |
Tanzimat | A set of reforms designed to remake the Ottoman Empire on a western European model |
Young Turks | Turkish patriots who forced the the conservative sultan to implement reforms |
Reichstag | Lower house of government in Germany |
Kulturkampf | Bismarck's attack on the Church in response to the Pope's declaration of infallibility |
German Social Democratic Party (SPD) | German working-class party |
Dreyfus Affair | case in which a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted for treason. Because the Catholic Church took the side of the anti-Semites, France cut ties between church and state. |
People's Budget | bill proposed by British Liberal Party in 1905 designed to increase spending on social welfare services. |
Zionism | Jewish nationalism that sought to create a homeland in Palestine |
revisionism | an effort by moderate socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect modern realities |
anti-Semitism | hatred of Jews |