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Medical Term Chapter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tissue | Cells grouped together to perform specialized functions are known as |
| cells | Tissues arranged together to perform a special function are known as an |
| cell membrane | the cell’s outer covering. is a semipermeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. The cell membrane is also known as the plasma play audio membrane. |
| nucleus | enclosed within the cell membrane. The nucleus is made up of threadlike structures called play audio chromosomes |
| chromosomes | contain segments or regions called play audio genes that transmit hereditary characteristics. Each body cell, with the exception of the female ovum and the male spermatozoa, contains 23 pairs of chromosomes that determine its genetic makeup. |
| cytoplasm | a gel-like substance containing cell organs that carry out the essential functions of the cell. Examples are mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, which synthesize proteins, are often called the cell’s “protein factories.” |
| anaplasia | A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form. |
| dysplasia | Any abnormal development of cells, tissues or organs (“disordered formation”). |
| histologist | A medical specialist in the study of tissues |
| Epithelial tissue | covers the internal and external organs of the body. It also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs. |
| Connective tissue | supports and binds other body tissue and parts. Connective tissue may be liquid (as in blood), fatty (as in protective padding), fibrous (as in tendons and ligaments), cartilage (as in the rings of the trachea), or solid (as in bone). |
| Nervous tissue | transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body. |
| visceral | refers to the internal organs |
| hypoplasia | Incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells is called |
| tissue | is composed of groups of similar cells that perform specialized or common functions. |
| organs | are made up of tissues arranged together to perform a particular function. |
| cytoplasm | is a gel-like substance containing organelles that carry out the essential functions of the cell. |
| cell | is the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter. |
| epithelial tissue | tissue covers the internal and external organs of the body. It also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs. |
| mitochondria | are organelles that provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions. |
| ribosomes | organelles that synthesize proteins, are often called the cell’s “protein factories.” |
| nucleus | The central controlling body within a living cell is the |
| systems | A group of organs working together to perform specific functions is called a(n) |
| plantar | Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot |
| inferior | Below or downward toward the tail or feet: |
| crainial | Pertaining to the head: |
| medial | Toward the midline of the body: |
| proximal | Toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of attachment of a body part: |
| supine | Lying horizontally on the back, face up |
| superior | Above or upward toward the head: |
| dorsum | The back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot: |
| lateral | Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body: |
| caudal | Pertaining to the tail |
| anterior | Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body: |
| pronation | A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward: |
| supination | A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward: |
| deep | Away from the surface and toward the inside of the body: |
| posterior | Pertaining to the back of the body |
| front | anter/o |
| cartilage | chondr/i |
| pelvis | pelv/i |
| side | later/o |
| navel | umbilic/o |
| vertebra | vertebr/o |
| nucleus | nucle/o |
| back | dors/o |
| between | inter- |
| tissue | hist/o |
| proximal | pertaining to toward or nearest to the trunk of the body |
| cytology | study of cells |
| interverteral | pertaining to between the vertebra |
| dysplasia | The term that describes any abnormal development of tissues or organs is |
| nucleus | Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that surrounds the |
| hypoplasia | The term that means “less than, under formation” is |
| hyperplasia | The term that means “excessive formation” is |
| neoplasia | The term that describes new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant is |
| neoplasia | The term that means “new formation” is |
| aplasia | The term that refers to a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue is |
| dysplasia | The term that means “disordered formation” is |
| cell | The smallest and most numerous unit of living matter is the |
| anatomical position | When a person is standing with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward, with the head and feet pointing forward, the individual is said to be in |
| biopsy | removal of tissue sample for viewing under the microscope |
| Hiatus | the condition of a portion of the stomach bulging up through the diaphragm, into the thoracic cavity |
| anaplasia | The term that means “without formation” is |
| epithelial | The tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body and lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs is known as |
| cytoplasm | The gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell is the |
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Mtinderscott
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