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ventricular system
WVSOM ventricular system neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the 4th ventricle? | On the dorsal surface of the brainstem beneath the cerebellum |
| How does the 4th ventricle connect with the subarachnoid space? | through lateral progections called foramen of Luschke, and central opening called median aperture or foramen of Magendie |
| What is the foramen of magendie? | the median aperature of the 4th ventricle that provides communication with the subarachnoid space |
| What forms the roof of the 4th ventricle? | superior cerebellar peduncles and superior medullary velum |
| How far rostrally does the 4th ventricle extend? | up to the pontomesencephalic junction where it becomes continuous with the cerebral aqueduct |
| Where is the cerebral aqueduct? | passes throughout the length of the midbrain, beneath the colliculi to end of 3rd ventricle |
| What is the 3rd ventricle and what makes it borders? | a narrow slit like cavity, walls formed by thalamus and hypothalamus on sides, rostral border made by lamina terminalis |
| Where is the interventricular foramen? | lies in the rostral part of ventricle |
| What is the function of the interventricular foramen? | provides communication to lateral ventricle located within each cerebral hemisphere to the 3rd ventricle |
| What is the shape of the lateral ventricles? | C shaped |
| What does the lateral ventricle consist of? | anterior frontal horns, body, posterior occipital, and inferior temporal horns |
| The lateral ventricles contain large amount of what? | choroid plexus |
| What is the function of choroid plexus? | to make CSF |
| Where is CSF produced? | by choroid plexus in lateral ventricles |
| What forms the choroid plexus? | very convoluted invaginatinos of vascular pia mater into ventricular lumen |
| What is the function of ependymal cells in the choroid plexus? | they secrete sodium in CSF |
| What does the choroid plexus consist of? | mass of capillaries projecting into ventricles, large, thin walled and fenestrated |
| How is CSF secreted? | active secretion of sodium ions into CSF, causing passive movement of water from choroid capillaries |
| How much CSF is made daily? | 400-500mls, recycled 3x a day |
| State the circulation of CSF from choroid plexus? | choroid plexus>lateral ventricle>interventricular foramen>3rd ventricle>cerebral aqueduct>4th ventricle>minority to lateral aperture, majority to median aperture>subarachnoid space>around spinal cord and brain |
| Where is CSF reabsorbed? | venous system by passing into dural venous sinuses (mostly superior sagital sinus) through arachnoid villi |
| Why does reabsorption of CSF occur through arachnoid villi space? | higher hydrostatic pressure in subarachnoid space than in the sinus lumen |
| What are the two forms of hydrocephalus? | communicating and non-communicating |
| What is communicating hydrocephalus? | impaired CSF reabsorption, obstruction of flow in SAS, or in rare cases excess CSF production |
| What is Non-communicating hydrocephalus? | obstruction of flow within the ventricular system; common at narrow points like foramen or aqueduct |
| What are the symptoms of hydrocephalus? | headache, nausea/ vomiting, cognitive impairment, decreased level of consciousness, papilledema, and decreased visual function |
Created by:
hagerman
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