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Chapter 14 ID's
by brandon jacobs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prester John | king who ruled a Christian nation in the Muslim world |
| The Travels of John Mandeville | a almost-definitely-fictitious work detailing the travels of Sir John Mandeville |
| Marco Polo | an Italian merchant traveler whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde. He traveled to Asia. |
| "God, Glory, and Gold" | motives for overseas exploration |
| portolani | navigational maps based on compass directions and estimated distances |
| Ptolemy's Geography | a gazeteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire |
| lateen sails and square rigs | allows ships to be mobile against wind |
| compass and astrolabe | navigational innovations |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | administrator in Portuguese Empire who spearheaded the age of exploration |
| Gold Coast | British colony in present-day Ghana |
| Bartholomeu Dias | portuguese explorer who sailed around the tip of Africa |
| Vasco da Gama and Calicut | fist Europeans to reach India by sea |
| Alfonso de Albuquerque | established trade with Asian nations for spices |
| Malacca | location of an early Malay sultanate which the portuguese conquered in the 16th century |
| Spice Islands | the Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia, known for their spices |
| Christopher Columbus | an Italian explorer who sailed to "India" for the Portuguese |
| John Cabot | typically regarded as the first explorer to reach the Americas since the vikings |
| Vasco Núñez de Balboa | a spanish explorer who is the first European to reach the Pacific from the Americas |
| Ferdinand Magellan | a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | an agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers |
| Hernán Cortés and Moctezuma | Spanish explorer and Aztec ruler, Cortez conquered Moctezuma's lands |
| the Aztecs and Tenochtitlan | Indigenous Americans who lived in present-day central Mexico, their capital was Tenochtitlan |
| the Inca and Pachakuti | Indigenous Americans from modern-day Peru, their capital was Pachakuti |
| Fransisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incan empire |
| encomienda | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. |
| audiencias | an appellate court in Spain and its empire |
| Boers and Capetown | descendants of Dutch speaking settlers that established Capetown in South Africa |
| slave trade | the colonial exploitation of African Americans for free labor in the New World |
| "sugar factories" | basically sugar plantations, the reason caribbean colonies were profitable |
| Dutch East India Company | A Dutch trading company founded in 1602 to protect Dutch trading interests in the Indian Ocean. |
| Batavia | Dutch East India company headquarters, today called Jakarta |
| Mughal Empire | Muslim empire in modern-day India |
| British East India Company | A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years. |
| Robert Clive | a British soldier who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal |
| "Black Hole of Calcutta" | prison in Fort William to hold British POWs after the fort was taken, held as many as 150 prisoners |
| Ming and Qing Dynasties | final two Chinese dynasties |
| Lord Macartney and Emperor Qianlong | British diplomat to China and the emperor who rejected British requests |
| Tokugawa shoguns | initiated the longest-lasting and most powerful of Japanese Shogunates |
| Nagasaki | an island in modern-day Japan where a Dutch colony existed |
| the New Netherlands | Dutch claim to mid-Atlantic north america |
| Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. |
| Samuel de Champlain | Cartographer, explorer, governor of New France |
| the asiento | right granted to the British following the War of the Spanish Succession, which allowed them to sell African slaves in the Spanish colonies of the New World |
| inflation | a general and progressive increase in prices in England during the early 16th and 17th centuries |
| joint stock trading companies | individuals buy shares in a company and earn interest on their shares as the company grows more profitable |
| House of Fugger | a German banker family who monopolized silver, copper, and mercury mines |
| mercantilism | an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests |
| mestizos and mulattoes | mixed race peoples of European and Latin American and African descent respectively |
| the Columbian Exchange | Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas |
| Gerardus Mercator | A Flemish cartographer who was one of the first to produce a world map that showed, with relative accuracy, the general outline of the continents. |
Created by:
brandonjacobs
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