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Medical Terminology
Ch. 6 - The Digestive System/ Terms (final)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bilirubin | orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile |
| bolus | mass of masticated (chewed) food ready to be swallowed |
| exocrine | a gland that secrete its products through execretory ducts to the surface of an organ, tissue, or a vessel |
| sphincter | circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or close a natural opening of the body (ex: lower esophageal sphincter that constricts once food has passed into the stomach |
| Barium swallow aka Upper GI series | radiographic examination of the Upper GI tract after giving the patient Barium solution by mouth |
| Barium enema aka Lower GI series | radiographic examination of the Lower GI series after giving Barium through an enema (injected fluids through the rectum) |
| Computerized Tomography (CT) | imaging at different angels and cross section |
| Ultrasonography | imaging using high frequency sound waves |
| Liver Function Tests (LFT) | measuring the level of some enzymes in the blood. High level indicates poor function liver (SGOT, SGPT) |
| Hemoccult Test (stool guaiac) | a test to detect traces of blood in the stool |
| Stool culture | a test to check bacteria's presence in the stool |
| Endoscopy | visual examination of the inside of the body |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | visual examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum |
| cholecystography | radiographic of the Gall Bladder |
| sialography | radiographic of the salivary glands |
| Gastroenterology | study of the disease of the Digestive System |
| Gastroenterologist | a physician who specializes in the disease of the Digestive System |
| Gastroeasophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | backfow of gastric contents into the esophagus |
| diverticulosis | small pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
| Peptic Ulcer | a wound in the stomach's wall or duodenum |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
| Halitosis | bad breath |
| dyspepsia | bad digestion (indigestion), discomfort after eating |
| dysphagia or aphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| dysentery | severe infection of the intestine, especially the colon, caused by ingesting contaminated food or water that carried parasites, bacteria, chemicals which results in bloody diarrhea |
| cholelithiasis | stone in the gall bladder or bile duct |
| liver cirrhosis | liver cells are replaced by fibrous tissue |
| Malabsorption Syndrome | inadequate absorption of nutrients |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation |
| hemorrhoids | dialated veins in the anal canal |
| eructation (belching) | passing gas from the stomach |
| flatus (fart) | passing gas from the anus |
| regurgitation | backflow (opposite direction), vomiting |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| steatorrhea | passage of fat in the feces |
| melena | passage of dark stool due to presence of blood |
| diarrhea | frequent bowel movement and becomes passage of loose stool |
| constipation | infrequent bowel movement and becomes passage of dry hard stool |
| obstipation | severe constipation |
| fecalith | fecal concretion |
| anorexia | loss of appetite |
| cachexia | severe loss of weight and muscle mass due to lack of nutrient, commonlyy associated w/ AIDS and cancer |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| borborygmus | gurgling sound in the intestine due to passage of gas (when belch) |
| Nasogastric Tube (NG) | feeding tube for patient who is unable to swallow, for the Total Parental Nutrient (TPN) purpose |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder |
| polypectomy | surgical removal of the polyp |
| colostomy | creating an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall |
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