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Nervous System

True/False: Cellular physiology of the nervous system

True/FalseAnswer
The output of a neuron is a binary signal. True, the output is all or nothing. Intensity of a stimulus is coded by the frequency of the firing neuron.
Projection neurons typically have short axons. False, projection neurons (Golgi type I neurons) have long axons which enable them to influence distant cells within the nervous system.
The resting neuron contains a higher concentration of potassium within the cell compared with the outside. True, in addition, the resting cell contains far less sodium than outside.
The equilibrium potential for potassium is -74.8 V. False, the equilibrium potential for potassium is -74.8 mV.
The smaller the axonal diameter, the faster an action potential travels along the axon. False, the larger the diameter of the axon, the lower the internal resistance and the faster the action potential travels.
The majority of synapses in the nervous system are electrical. False, the majority of synapses are chemically operated.
In an electrical synapse there is cytoplasmic continuity between cells. True, as opposed to chemical synapses where there is no such continuity.
Typically, the distance between cells at an electrical synapse is less than that at a chemical synapse. True, the space between cells of an electrical synapse is approx. 2nm whereas the distance between cells of a chemical synapse is approx. 30-50nm.
Electrical synapses are invariably unidirectional. False, electrical synapses may work one way or both ways. Chemical synapses are one way.
Axosomatic synapses are usually inhibitory. True, when axosomatic synapses are placed close to the axon hillock, they inhibit firing more efficiently than an axodendritic synapse.
Noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. False, acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction and also at many synapses in the autonomic nervous system.
Glutamate and aspartate are examples of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters. True, there are two main types of glutamate receptor, AMPA and NMDA.
Neuropeptide-Y is an example of an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. False, neuropeptide-Y is a peptide neurotransmitter. Examples of inihibitory amino acid neurotransmitters include GABA and glycine.
Myasthenia gravis is a condition caused by antibodies to the pre-synaptic acetylcholine receptor. False, myasthenia gravis is caused by antibodies to the post-synaptic acetylcholine receptor.
Myasthenia gravis can be diagnosed by improvement of symptoms when given a short-acting anticholinesterase. True, this is called the Tensilon test.
C fibres are myelinated. False, C fibres are unmyelinated.
Information from nociceptors is transported in A delta and C fibres. True, information from cold thermoreceptors is also transmitted in A delta fibres.
Proprioceptive information is carried in A delta fibres. True, these fibres have a large axonal diameter (20 micrometers) and a high conduction speed (120 m/s).
A beta fibres are unmyelinated. False, A alpha fibres are myelinated.
C fibres have a higher conduction velocity than A alpha fibres. False A alpha fibres have a higher conduction velocity than C fibres because they are myelinated.
Created by: sallyelphick
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