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A&P Chapter 1
Intro to Anatomy & Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | study of structure/form of human body |
| physiology | study of body's functions |
| list characteristics of living organisms | 1. cellular composition 2. metabolism 3. excretion 4. growth 5. reproduction 6. responsiveness/irritability 7. movement |
| cellular composition | cells = basic unit of life; all organisms composed of cells |
| metabolism | chemical reactions 1. anabolism (build up) 2. catabolism (break down) |
| excretion | eliminate potentially harmful waste products |
| growth | anabolism > catabolism 1. increase size individual cells 2. increase number of cells |
| reproduction | 1. individual cells - grow & replace 2. organism yields similar offspring |
| responsiveness/irritability | sense/react to changes/stimuli in environment |
| movement | of individual cells/ materials w/in or btwn cells |
| list structural levels of organization in human body | 1. chemical 2. cellular 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organism |
| Chemical Level | smallest level; atoms - molecules |
| Cellular Level | groups of molecules combined in specific way |
| Tissue Level | 2+ cell types for common function - cells & extracellular matrix |
| Organ Level | 2+ tissue types * recognizable shape & specialized task |
| Organ System Level | body's organs grouped 2+ organs perform broad function |
| Organism Level | human body |
| types of anatomy | 1. systemic 2. regional 3. surface 4. gross 5. microscopic |
| systemic anatomy | individual organ systems |
| regional anatomy | divide by regions |
| surface anatomy | surface markings of body |
| gross anatomy | structures seen w/ unaided eye |
| microscopic anatomy | need microscope e.g. histology & cytology |
| types of physiology | classified by organ/organ system e.g neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology |
| principle of homeostasis | maintenance of internal environment |
| Negative feedback loop | "corrective" oppose initial change; reduce output |
| components needed for negative feedback loop | 1. receptor (sensor) 2. control center 3. effectors |
| receptor | detects stimulus |
| control center | usually nervous/endocrine systems |
| effectors | cause physiological responses; return variable to normal homeostatic range |
| difference between negative & positive feedback loops | positive - great, quick change negative - corrective |
| why is negative feedback most commonly used mechanism for homeostasis | |
| relationship of structure & function | form of structure is always that best suits its function |
| gradient | present any time more of something exists than another |
| types of gradients | 1. temperature 2. concentration 3. pressure |
| cell-cell communication | IOT coordinate body functions 1. chemical messengers 2. electrical signals |
Created by:
drogordon
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